Douglas Skystreak

Douglas Skystreak D-558-I

The Douglas Skystreak (D-558-1 or D-558-I) was designed in 1945 by the Douglas Aircraft Company for the U.S. Navy Bureau of Aeronautics, in conjunction with the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). The Skystreaks were turbojet powered aircraft that took off from the ground under their own power and had straight wings and tails.

Development

The D558 program was conceived as a joint NACA/U.S. Navy research program for transonic and supersonic flight. As originally envisioned, there would be three phases to the D558 program: a jet powered airplane, a mixed rocket/jet powered configuration, and a design and mockup of a combat aircraft^[1]. A contract for design and construction of six D558-1 aircraft for the first phase was issued on June 22 1945. The original plan had been for six aircraft with a mixture of nose and side inlets and varying wing airfoil sections. That plan was quickly reduced to three aircraft of a single configuration with a nose inlet. Plans for the second phase with mixed rocket/jet propulsion were also dropped. Instead, a new aircraft, the D558-2, was designed with mixed rocket and jet propulsion for supersonic flight.

Construction of the first 558-1 began in 1946 and was completed in January 1947. The fuselage used magnesium alloys extensively, while the wings were fabricated from more conventional aluminum alloys. The airframe was designed to withstand unusually high loads of up to 18 times gravity due to the uncertainties of transonic flight. The forward fuselage was designed so that it, including the cockpit, could be jettisoned from the aircraft in an emergency. The aircraft was configured to carry more than 500 lb of test equipment, including sensors (primarily strain gauges and accelerometers) in 400 locations throughout the aircraft. One wing was pierced by 400 small holes to enable aerodynamic pressure data to be collected^[2].

The Skystreaks were powered by one Allison J-35-A-11 engine (developed by General Electric as the TG-180) and carried 230 US gallons (871 l) of aviation fuel (kerosene).

Operational history

All the Skystreaks were initially painted scarlet, which lead to the nickname "crimson test tube." NACA later had the color of the Skystreaks changed to white to improve optical tracking and photography. The first of three D-558-1 Skystreaks (#37970) made its maiden flight on April 14, 1947, at Muroc Army Air Field (later named Edwards AFB). Less than 4 months later, on August 20, this aircraft with Commander Turner Caldwell, USN, set a new world speed record of 641 miles per hour (1,032 km/h) flying D-558-1 #1. The record lasted 5 days and was broken by Marine pilot Marion Carl going 10 miles per hour (16 km/h) faster in D-558-1 #2 (#37971). This aircraft was delivered to the NACA Muroc Flight Test Unit in April 1949 after 101 flights had been completed by the Navy, Air Force, and Douglas. This aircraft was never flown by the NACA. The D-558-1 #1 is located at the Naval Aviation Museum in Pensacola, Florida.

Following 27 flights by the Navy and Douglas the second D-558-1 aircraft was delivered to the NACA in November 1947. The D-558-1 #2 underwent extensive instrumentation by the NACA Muroc instrumentation section. The number 2 Skystreak made a total of 19 flights with the NACA before it crashed on takeoff due to compressor disintegration on May 3, 1948, killing NACA pilot Howard C. Lilly. The third D-558-I (#37972) aircraft was delivered to the NACA Muroc Flight Test Unit in 1949 after three Douglas test pilots and Howard Lilly had flown it. The number three aircraft took over the planned flight program of the D-558-1 #2. From the first flight in 1949 through 1953 the third Skystreak was flown in an intensive flight-research program by seven NACA test pilots, with a great deal of useful data collected on high-subsonic handling. The D-558-1 #3 made a total of 78 research flights with the NACA before being retired on June 10, 1953. The third Skystreak is on display at Carolinas Aviation Museum located at the Charlotte-Douglas International Airport(CLT) in Charlotte, North Carolina.

The Skystreak reached Mach 0.99 in level flight, but only flew supersonic in a dive^[2]. In the public mind, much of the research performed by the D-558-1 Skystreaks was quickly overshadowed by Chuck Yeager and the supersonic X-1 rocket plane. However, the Skystreak performed an important role in aeronautical research by flying for extended periods of time at transonic speeds, which freed the X-1 to fly for limited periods at supersonic speeds.

Aircraft serial numbers

D-558-1 Skystreak
- D-558-1 #1 - #37970 NACA-140, 101 flights
- D-558-1 #2 - #37971 NACA-141, 46 flights
- D-558-1 #3 - #37972 NACA-142, 81 flights
- D-558-1 #4, #5, #6 Additional aircraft originally ordered but later cancelled.

Specifications (D-558-1 Skystreak)

This aircraft article is missing some (or all) of its specifications. If you have a source, you can help Wikipedia by adding them.

General characteristics

Crew: one pilot
Payload: 500 lb of instruments (227 kg)
Length: 35 ft 8 in (10.87 m)
Wingspan: 25 ft 0 in (7.62 m)
Height: 12 ft 1 in (3.68 m)
Wing area: 150.7 ft² (14.00 m²)
Loaded weight: 9,750 lb (4,423 kg)
Max takeoff weight: 10,105 lb (4,583 kg)
Powerplant: 1× Allison J35-A-11 turbojet, 5,000 lb_f (22 kN)

Performance

Maximum speed: 650 mph at sea level (1,050 km/h)
Stall speed: 137 mph (221 km/h)
Service ceiling: 45,700 ft (13,900 m)
Rate of climb: 9,220 ft/min (2,810 m/min)
Wing loading: 67 lb/ft² (330 kg/m²)
Thrust/weight: 0.51

References

↑ Francillon, René J. (1988). McDonnell Douglas Aircraft Since 1920: Volume I. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-428-4.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Heinemann, Edward H.; Rosario Rausa (1980). Ed Heinemann: Combat Aircraft Designer. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-797-6.

NASA Dryden D-558-1 gallery.

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v • d • e Lists relating to aviation
General	Timeline of aviation · Aircraft · Aircraft manufacturers · Aircraft engines · Aircraft engine manufacturers · Airports · Airlines
Military	Air forces · Aircraft weapons · Missiles · Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) · Experimental aircraft
Notable incidents and accidents	Military aviation · Airliners · General aviation · Famous aviation-related deaths
Records	Flight airspeed record · Flight distance record · Flight altitude record · Flight endurance record · Most produced aircraft

Douglas Skystreak

Contents

Development

Operational history

Aircraft serial numbers

Specifications (D-558-1 Skystreak)

References

External links

See also

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