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Ilyushin Il-12
The Ilyushin Il-12 (NATO reporting name "Coach") was a Soviet twin-engined cargo aircraft, developed in the mid-1940s for Aeroflot.
History and development
The aircraft was intended to replace the Lisunov Li-2, which was a licence produced version of the Douglas DC-3. The new aircraft followed a classical layout for a twin engined transport, with a metallic structure, monoplane wings, a conventional tail section. One major improvement over the Li-2 design was the tricycle gear, which allowed better visibility when taxiing and landing. It had increased wing surface compared with the DC-3/Li2, which was necessary owing to the increased power.
The aircraft made its maiden flight on 15 August 1945 [1], powered by two ACh-31 diesel engines (each producing 1,500 hp). It was soon decided to re-engine the aircraft with Shvetsov ASh-82 radial engines, the revised aircraft flying on 9 January 1946 [1].
It was found to have major problems during testing, having poor engine out characteristics and requiring a strut under the rear fuselage to prevent tipping during loading [2] due to CG problems. Further problems was the use of magnesium near the engines which in case of engine fire could cause a uncontrolled fire, damaging the wing structure. This led to a crash with a complete loss of lives after the wing of the airplane collapsed during flight after an engine fire. The magnesium was replaced by aluminium alloys.
The fuselage had a considerable volume, and was equipped with 8 rectangular windows on each side. The crew consisted of 3 and the aircraft could transport 32 soldiers, 32 parachutists or cargo. There was also a civil version, which although designed to carry up to 32 passengers, was limited in Aeroflot service to 21, with normally only 18 carried[2]. This meant that use of the Il-12 for passenger use was un-economic. Some 663 Il-12 were manufactured[2].
The aircraft was later improved into the Ilyushin Il-14.
Variants
- Il-12 : Twin-engined passenger, cargo transport aircraft.
- Il-12A : Unmodified Ilyushin Il-12 aircraft.
- Il-12B : Modified Ilyushin Il-12 aircraft, fitted with an improved de-icing system, lengthened nosewheel and a small dorsal fin fillet.
- Il-12D : Twin-engined military transport aircraft for the Soviet Air Force.
Operators
Specifications (Il-12)
Data from The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft from 1875 - 1995 [2]
General characteristics
- Crew: 3
- Capacity: 21 passengers
- Length: 21.31 m (69 ft 11 in)
- Wingspan: 31.7 m (104 ft 0 in)
- Height: 8.07 m [3] (26 ft 5⅝in)
- Wing area: 103 m² (1,109 ft²)
- Empty weight: 11,045 kg (24,350 lb)
- Max takeoff weight: 17,250 kg (38,029 lb)
- Powerplant: 2× ASh-82FNV 14 cylinder two-row air cooled radial engine, 1,380 kW (1,850 hp) each
Performance
- Maximum speed: 407 km/h (220 kn, 253 mph) at 2,500 m (8,200 ft)
- Range: 1,500 km with 26 passengers (810 nmi, 932 mi)
- Service ceiling: 6,500 m (21,325 ft)
- Climb to 5,000 m (16,400 ft): 15 minutes
- Endurance: 4.5 hr
This aircraft article is missing some (or all) of its specifications. If you have a source, you can help Wikipedia by adding them.References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Dates of Maiden Flights by Aircraft Designed by "Ilyushin" Design Bureau.. Ilyushin Aviation Complex. Retrieved on 2007-08-25.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Gunston, Bill (1995). The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft from 1875 - 1995. London: Osprey Aerospace. ISBN 1-85532-405-9.
- ↑ ILyushin IL-12 Coach (Dutch). Aircrafts.nl. Retrieved on 2007-08-25.
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cs:Iljušin Il-12 de:Iljuschin Il-12 es:Ilyushin Il-12 it:Ilyushin Il-12 ja:Il-12 (航空機) hu:Il–12 no:Iljusjin Il-12 pl:Ił-12 ru:Ил-12 vi:Ilyushin Il-12
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