Bell 47

Bell 47
	Bell 47G
Type	Multipurpose light helicopter
Manufacturer	Bell Helicopter Textron
Designed by	Arthur M. Young
Maiden flight	8 December 1945
Introduced	1946
Primary users	United States Army; British Army
Developed from	Bell Model 30
Variants	Bell 201 and Bell 207

The Bell 47 was the first helicopter to be certified for civil use on 8 March 1946.^[1]^[2] It was largely designed by Arthur M. Young who joined Bell Helicopter in 1941. Over 5,600 were produced up to 1974, including 1200 under license in Italy, 239 in Japan, and 239 in the UK.

It entered U.S. Military service in late 1946, and would go on to service under a wide variety of versions and designations over 3 decades that followed. Its use in the Korean War (1950-1953) as the H-13 by the United States Army would be among the highlights of its extensive career.

Operational history

Bell 47J Ranger

Early Bell 47 models had open cockpits or sheet metal cabins. The most common model, the 47G introduced in 1953, can be recognized by the full bubble canopy, exposed welded-tube tail boom, and saddle fuel tanks. Later 47H and 47J Ranger models had a regular cabin with full cowling and monocoque tail boom. Engines were Franklin or Lycoming horizontally-opposed piston engines of 200 to 305 HP (150 to 230 kW). Seating varied from two to four. Many are still in use as trainers and in agriculture (as of 2005).

The first Bell helicopter to use a turbine engine was a modified Model 47G (designated the XH-13F or Model 201), first flown in October 1954.

NASA had a number of Bell 47s during the Apollo programme, used by astronauts as a trainer for the Lunar Lander. Eugene Cernan had a near disastrous accident shortly before his flight to the moon on Apollo 17 by crashing one into the Indian River.

Agusta Bell 47G, built 1964

Initially, the US Navy procured several Bell 47s, designated HTL-1, between 1947 and 1958. The US Coast Guard evaluated this model, and procured two HTL-1s for multi-mission support in the New York Harbor. The most common US Navy version of the 47 was designated the HTL-4, and dispenses with the fabric covering on the tail boom. The US Coast Guard procured three HTL-5s in 1952 (similar to the HTL-4 but powered by a Franklin 0-335-5 engine) and used these until 1960.^[3]

The Coast Guard procured two of Bell's Model 47G and designated them HUL-1G in 1959.^[3]

The British version of the 47G, called by the British Army the Sioux AH.1, was built by Westland Helicopters for use by the Army Air Corps, who used it until the early 1980s.^{[citation needed]} The Sioux military version was often equipped with military evacuation panniers, one to each skid, with a acrylic glass shield to protect the patient from wind.

H-13 were produced in Japan by a Bell and Kawaski venture;this led to the Bell-Kawasaki KH-4 variant, essentially a three seat version of the Model 47.

Bell 47 redesignations

The Bell 47 was designated under multiple systems, see United States of America military aircraft designation systems. It is best known as the H-13 Sioux, though it actually started as the YR-13 in 1946. It became the H-13 under the USAF, though the USN had called it the HTL.

In post-1962 US designations combinations with the number 13 are often skipped, but in the older system the R-13/H-13 shared the number with the X-13 Vertijet and XP-13 Viper (see List of United States military aircraft)

In 1962 Army, Navy, and Air Force versions were redesignated under the new Tri-service system. Mainly, the H-13 based ones were converted to new standards which included a vehicle type designator and a mission symbol (2 letter prefix; OH, UH, XH, etc. This was a shift from the initial USAF 1948 system (with the numbered carried over from the USAAF/C system) and the USN 1922-1962 system to the new 1962 system.^[4]

Designations
Service	Pre-1962	1962-
Army	H-13E	OH-13E
	H-13G	OH-13G
	H-13H	OH-13H
USAF	H-13H	UH-13H
	H-13J	UH-13J
Navy	H-13K	OH-13K
	HTL-4	TH-13L
	HTL-6	TH-13M
	HTL-7	TH-13N
	HUL-1	UH-13P
	HUL-1M	UH-13R
USCG	HUL-1G	HH-13Q

Survivors

The Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center includes the H-13 which was the first helicopter to carry an American President (Dwight D. Eisenhower) as well as the Model 30 predecessor and the Bell 47. A Bell 47G is also being restored at the Alberta Aviation Museum in Edmonton, Alberta.

Variants

Civilian^[5]
Model	Description
Bell 47
Bell 47A
Bell 47B	equivalent to the military YR-13/HTL-1, powered by the Franklin O-335-1.
Bell 47B-3	agricultural/utility version with open crew positions
Bell 47C
Bell 47D	first to appear with a moulded 'goldfish bowl' canopy
Bell 47D-1	introduced in 1949, it had an open tubework tailboom reminiscent of the Bell Model 30, ship number 3, and a three-seat configuration.
Bell 47E
Bell 47F
Bell 47G	combines a 149kW Franklin engine with the three-seat configuration of the 47D-1.
Bell 47G-2	Powered by the Avco Lycoming VO-435 engine. Produced under license by Westland for the UK military.
Bell 47G-2A	Powered by a 179kW version of the VO-435.
Bell 47G-2A-1	Wider cabin, improved rotor blades and increased fuel capacity.
Bell 47G-3	Powered by a supercharged 168kW Franklin 6VS-335-A.
Bell 47G-3B	Powered by a turbocharged 209kW Avco Lycoming TVO-435.
Bell 47G-4	Three-seat helicopter powered by an Avco Lycoming VO-540 engine.
Bell 47G-5	A three-seat, utility version of the U.S. Air Force's UH-13J. It was marketed as the Model 47J Ranger and powered by an Avco Lycoming VO-435 engine. A two-seat agricultural version was later known as the Ag-5. The 47G-5 was the last model to be produced by Bell.

Military^[5]
YR-13/HTL-1	28 Bell 47A helicopters procured by the U.S. Air Force for evaluation. The YR-13 was powered by a 117kW Franklin O-335-1 piston engine. 10 of the aircraft were evaluated by the U.S. Navy as trainers.
YR-13A	3 YR-13 aircraft winterized for cold-weather testing in Alaska.
HTL-2
HTL-3
H-13B	65 aircraft ordered in 1948 by the U.S. Army. All Army versions were later named Sioux.
H-13C	15 H-13B aircraft converted to carry external stretchers in 1952.
H-13D	Army two-seat version with skid landing gear, stretcher carriers, and Franklin O-335-5 engine.
OH-13E	H-13D configuration with three-seat aircraft with dual controls.
XH-13F	Modified Bell 47G powered by a Continental XT51-T-3 turboshaft. The first helicopter powered by a turbine engine.
OH-13G	Introduced a small elevator on the tailboom.
UH-13J	Two Bell 47J Ranger aircraft utilizing the 179kW Lycoming VO-435 engine acquired for VIP transport of the U.S. President by the U.S. Air Force. Originally designated as H-13J.
OH-13H/UH-13H	Equipped with a 186kW Lycoming VO-435 engine. UH-13Hs were used by the U.S. Air Force.
OH-13K	Two converted H-13Hs with a larger diameter rotor and a 168kW Franklin 6VS-335 engine for test evaluation.
TH-13L	Originally designated as the Navy HTL-4.
HTL-5	Utilized a Lycoming O-335-5 engine.
TH-13M	incorporated a small movable elevator. Originally designated as the Navy HTL-6
TH-13N	Two-seat, dual-control, instrument trainer with all-weather instrumentation. Originally designated as the Navy HTL-7.
UH-13P	Used aboard ice-breaking ships. Originally designated as the Navy HUL-1.
HH-13Q	Originally the HUL-1G, it was used by the U.S. Coast Guard for search and rescue.
OH-13S	Three-seat observation helicopter to replace the OH-13H.
TH-13T	Two-seat instrument trainer for the U.S. Army.

Conversions^[5]
Carson Super C-4
El Tomcat Mk.II^[6]	Bell 47G-2 modified extensively for agricultural spraying by Continental Copters Inc. First flew in April 1959.
El Tomcat Mk.III	Improved version of the Mk.II, it first flew in April 1965.
El Tomcat Mk.IIIA	Powered by the Franklin 6V4-200, 6V-335, or 6V-350 engines.
El Tomcat Mk.IIIB	Featured a modified fiberglass nose with a repositioned windscreen and a lower cabin roof, and was powered by the 235 hp Franklin 6V-350-A. Produced in 1967.
El Tomcat Mk.IIIC	Improved version with 200 hp Franklin 6V4-200-C32, 210 hp 6V-335-A, or 235 hp 6V-350-A engines.
El Tomcat Mk.V	First flown in June 1968, it was powered by a 220 hp Lycoming VO-435-A1A.
El Tomcat Mk.V-A	Powered by a 260 hp Lycoming VO-435-A1F with a foldable jump-seat.
El Tomcat Mk.V-B	Powered by a 265 hp Lycoming VO-435-B1A.^{[citation needed]}

Operators

Bell 47 in Italian Carabinieri markings

Specifications (Bell 47G)

General characteristics

Crew: 1 or 2
Capacity: 1 passenger or 2 litters
Length: 31 ft 7 in (9.63 m)
Rotor diameter: 37 ft 2 in (11.32 m)
Height: 9 ft 3 in (2.83 m)
Disc area: 1085 ft² (100.8 m²)
Empty weight: 1893 lb (858 kg)
Useful load: 1057 lb (482 kg)
Max takeoff weight: 2950 lb (1340 kg)
Powerplant: 1× Lycoming TVO-435-F1A flat, six-cylinder, reciprocating engine, 280 hp (210 kW)

Performance

Maximum speed: 91 knots (105 mph, 169 km/h)
Cruise speed: 73 knots (84 mph, 135 km/h)
Range: 214 nm (245 mi, 395 km)
Rate of climb: 860 ft/min (4.37 m/s)

Popular culture

Bell 47G in M*A*S*H paint scheme.

The Bell 47G was used in the 1957–1959 television series Whirlybirds, and later the movie and television series M*A*S*H. It also appeared in the Canadian TV show The Forest Rangers and the Australian TV Show Skippy the Bush Kangaroo. It was added to the permanent collection of the Museum of Modern Art of New York in 1984.

References

↑ Bell Helicopters. Helicopter History Site.
↑ Biography of ARTHUR MIDDLETON YOUNG.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Pearcy, Arthur (1989). A History of Coast Guard Aviation. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-261-3.
↑ http://www.personal.psu.edu/users/d/o/dob104/aviation/us/index.html
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Bell Model 47 "Sioux". Retrieved on 25 February 2007.
↑ Continental Copters "El Tomcat". Helicopter History Site.

Riley, David, French Helicopter Operations in Algeria, Marine Corps Gazette, February 1958, pp. 21-26.
Shrader, Charles R. The First Helicopter War: Logistics and Mobility in Algeria, 1954-1962, Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers (1999)
Spenser, Jay P., Whirlybirds: A History of the U.S. Helicopter Pioneers, Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press (1998)

External links

Bell 47.net
Bell 47 Enthusiast site
Model 47G Museum site
Model 47G specs from The International Directory of Civil Aircraft by Gerard Frawley

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Bell 47

Contents

Operational history

Bell 47 redesignations

Survivors

Variants

Operators

Specifications (Bell 47G)

Popular culture

References

External links

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