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Beechcraft Super King Air

From PlaneSpottingWorld, for aviation fans everywhere

The Beechcraft Super King Air family is part of a line of twin-turboprop aircraft produced by the Beech Aircraft Corporation (now the Beechcraft Division of Hawker Beechcraft). The King Air line comprises a number of model series that fall into two families: the Model 90 series, Model 100 series (these models comprising the King Air family), Model 200 series and Model 300 series.[1][2][3] The latter two models were originally marketed as the "Super King Air" family, but the "Super" was dropped in 1996.[4]

The Super King Air family has been in continuous production since 1974,[5] the longest production run of any civilian turboprop aircraft in its class. It has outlasted all of its previous competitors and as of 2009 the only other aircraft in its class is the Piaggio Avanti.[6][4] As of December 2009, the B200, B200GT and the larger B300 are the production models.[5] Special mission derivative versions of these models are also available for order.[6][5]

The Beechcraft 1900 regional airliner was derived from the Model B200 King Air.[7]

Development

Super King Air 200

File:VHSGV.JPG
1980-built Beechcraft 200 Super King Air
File:N857GAatSYD.JPG
This 200T Super King Air built in 1979 shows all the major modifications for this variant; belly radar pod and camera hatch, wingtip fuel tanks, and domed window on the side of the rear fuselage
File:NSW RFS "Firescan" (VH-LAB) Beechcraft B200T Super King Air.jpg
Beechcraft B200T Super King Air with belly camera hatch aft of the wing

The Model 200 was originally conceived as the Model 101 in 1969, and was a development of the Model 100 King Air.[8][9] The Model 200 had essentially the same fuselage as the Model 100, with changes to the rear fuselage to accommodate a new T-tail (in place of the 100's conventional tail with all-moving trimmable horizontal stabilizer) and structural changes to allow higher maximum pressurisation.[9] Apart from the T-tail, other changes included Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-41 engines rated at Template:Convert instead of the Template:Convert engines of the Model A100 then in production, and a wing of increased span and extra fuel capacity.[8][10] Overall, the 200 was 3 ft 10 in (1.17 m) longer than the A100, with wingspan 4 ft 3 in (1.29 m) greater, containing 60 U.S. gallons (230 l) more fuel.[4][8][10][11] Maximum Take-Off Weight (MTOW) was increased by 1,000 lb (450 kg).[9] After protracted development including extensive wind tunnel testing of the design (especially of the T-tail which was tunnel-tested for 375 hours),[8] the first prototype flew for the first time on 27 October 1972;[12] a second prototype took to the air on 15 December the same year.[8] Three production aircraft were also built in 1972 and delivered to the U.S. Army;[13] these three were designated Model A100-1s by Beechcraft and were given the military designation RU-21J;[14] the first of some 400 T-tail King Airs to be ordered by the U.S. armed forces.[15] The 200 received civil certification in December 1973[16] and the first civil delivery took place in February 1974.[9]

In 1976 Beechcraft developed the Model 200T, a version configured for aerial surveying or reconnaissance.[13] The prototype was created by modifiying a Model 200 aircraft, constructor's number (c/no.) BB-186;[13] the modifications included changes to the belly aft of the wing to allow photography with a vertical camera, provision for a surveillance radar in a pod under the fuselage, dome-shaped windows on the sides of the rear fuselage to allow observation directly below the aircraft by occupants, and a 50 U.S. gallon (170 litre) usable capacity fuel tank on each wingtip to increase the aircraft's range.[13] Customers could specify any combination of these modifications when ordering a 200T; all 200Ts were Model 200s modified at the factory and given new constructor's numbers.[13]

The next model to appear was the Model 200C in 1979; this version had a large cargo door on the LH side of the rear fuselage with an airstair door similar to the Model 200's door built into it.[17] The door opening was 4 ft 4 in (1.33 m) high and 4 ft 4 in (1.33 m) wide,[4] allowing a large range of items to be loaded into the cabin. The Model 200C found favour with many operators who fitted them out internally as Air Ambulances. The 200C was built from scratch rather than as a modification of the Model 200.[17] The Model A200C military version was developed concurrently.[14] In 1981 a Model 200C (c/no. BL-24) was modified as the Model 200CT, fitted with the same wingtip fuel tanks as installed on Model 200Ts; there was only one 200CT, but it led to other aircraft after an updated version of the Model 200 entered production.[17]

This updated and improved version was the Model B200, which entered production in 1981.[8] It was fitted with PT6A-42 engines, still rated at Template:Convert, but with improvements that resulted in greater aircraft performance.[8] Other changes included increased maximum pressurisation (to 6.5 psi differential) and changes to the cockpit layout.[8] The Model 200C gave way to the Model B200C the same year, with the first Model B200T and Model B200CT being modified from a B200 and B200C respectively the following year.[17] Commencing in 1984 the B200, B200C and their derivatives were fitted with a revised landing gear retraction mechanism, actuated by hydraulic rams powered by an electric pump installed in the LH wing.[8] This replaced the earlier electro-mechanical retraction system of gearboxes, driveshafts and chains and sprockets that was a throwback to the Twin Bonanza. At the same time the propellers fitted were changed from 3-bladed Hartzells to 3-bladed McCauleys.[8] 47 B200Cs built that year were delivered to the U.S. military, with dozens more of a similar standard ordered in subsequent years, but not given official civil model designations.[17]

A total of 14 B200s were produced in 1989 and 1990 in a 13-seat high density configuration with a belly cargo pod; these were marketed by Beechcraft as a commuter airliner under the designation Model 1300.[7] Customers for this version included Mesa Airlines.[7][17] The propeller installation changed again in 1992, when Beechcraft started offering the option of having 4-bladed Hartzell or McCauley propellers, or 3-bladed Hartzell propellers; the 3-bladed McCauley propellers were no longer available.[18] From October 1995 Beechcraft offered an updated B200 with Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS) avionics, this was marketed as the "B200SE Super King Air" (for Special Edition). The following year the "Super" name was dropped from all marketing and advertising.[4] In October 2003 Beechcraft announced another avionics upgrade for the B200,[19] the Rockwell Collins Proline 21 suite.

The B200 remains in production, with a total of 13 built in 2009.[5] The B200C is available for order;[5] in January 2009 two B200Cs were delivered to the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia (RFDS).[20][21] The two B200Cs were the first examples delivered in about three years (the most recent B200Cs prior to this were two delivered in early 2006 for use as air ambulances in Scotland).[22][23] On 21 May 2007, during the 7th Annual European Business Aviation Convention & Exhibition in Geneva, Hawker Beechcraft (as the company was now known) introduced the Model B200GT updated version of the B200.[24] The B200GT is fitted with a new model of PT6 engine developed specifically for it by Pratt & Whitney Canada; while still rated at Template:Convert the new PT6A-52 develops maximum power to an even higher altitude than the -42 it replaces, thus further improving aircraft performance. The B200GT and B200CGT with large cargo door were certified by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) on 16 November 2007[18] and by the end of 2009 97 B200GTs had been delivered.[5] Hawker Beechcraft has elected to use new constructor's number prefixes for the B200GT and B200CGT; B200GTs are being built with the prefix "BY" and while no B200CGTs had been built as of December 2009,[5] they will be delivered with the prefix "BZ".[18]

Model 200 military variants

See also: C-12 Huron

The United States Army, Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps have all flown versions of the Super King Air 200. As noted above some have been "off-the-shelf" civil versions, but the majority have been purpose-built for the military and were treated by Beechcraft and the FAA as a separate series, the A200 series. A significant minority of military versions are known purely by their military designations, with no FAA model designations being assigned to them, although they do have basically-equivalent civilian model counterparts. The military designation varies from service to service, but most are called C-12 Huron or UC-12. These are used for personnel transport. The Army also operates the RC-12 Guardrail series of aircraft for military intelligence missions.

The Canadian Forces (CF) took delivery of two second-hand early-production Model 200 Super King Airs leased from Awood Air in 1990. These were given the designation CT-145 under the CF's identification system and were used as multi-engine trainers, replacing Douglas C-47s. One was subsequently returned to the lessor and a third Model 200 placed into service in order that the two aircraft used would have the same cockpit layout.[25][26] The two aircraft were replaced by eight civilian-operated 90 Model King Airs in 1995.[27]

The King Air B200 entered service with the Royal Air Force in 2004 as a multi-engine trainer, replacing the Jetstream T1.[28]

PD 290

The King Air 200 design proved to be sound, so Beechcraft considered a jet-powered version in the mid-1970s. The first prototype King Air 200 was re-engined with Pratt & Whitney Canada JT15D turbofans in overwing nacelles.[13] Given the designation PD 290 (for Preliminary Design), the aircraft was flown in this configuration for the first time on 12 March 1975.[13] Beech did not pursue production, and the last flight was made on 30 September 1977.[13] Beechcraft subsequently purchased the production rights and Type Certificate for the Mitsubishi MU-300 Diamond design in 1985, producing it as the Beechjet 400.[3][29]

Super King Air 300/350

File:VHFIX.jpg
King Air 350 operated by AeroPearl, used for checking navaids in Australia on behalf of Airservices Australia

The 200 series proved so popular that Beechcraft began work on a successor, with the Beechcraft designation Model 300 and marketed as the "Super King Air 300". The B200's airframe was "cleaned up" and even more powerful engines (PT6A-60A, rated at 1050 shp) installed in redesigned cowlings (known as "pitot cowlings" due to the reshaped engine air intakes), with MTOW increased to 14,000 lb (6,300 kg). A Model 200 (c/no. BB-343) was modified to develop the updated systems to be used on the new model and flew in this configuration on 6 October 1981. The first flight of the prototype Model 300 took place on 3 September 1983 and deliveries commenced the following year. Because not all nations would then allow an aircraft of this type to be certified at an MTOW greater than 12,500 lb (5,700 kg), the Model 300LW was also developed at the same time, limited to the lower MTOW. Nineteen examples of a special version of the Model 300 were delivered to the FAA in 1987 and 1988. The first two were conversions of standard Model 300s, while the remaining 17 were purpose-built; since they were delivered the FAA has used the fleet to check the extensive network of navaids in the United States. 200 and 300 Series King Airs are or have been used for similar duties in several other countries, including Australia, Germany, Hong Kong (a B200C used for navaid calibration was the first aircraft to land at the then-new Chek Lap Kok Airport in 1996[19]), Norway, Sweden and Taiwan.

By 1988, Beechcraft had begun work on the replacement for the 300. The fuselage of the 300 was stretched by nearly three feet with two extra cabin windows on each side and winglets added to the wingtips to create the Model B300, introduced in 1990 and initially marketed as the Super King Air 350. MTOW was increased again to 15,000 lb (6,750 kg); as the same regulatory situation that led to the development of the 300LW still existed, that model continued to be produced until 1994. Like the 200 and B200 before it, a version with a large cargo door was developed, the Model B300C marketed as the "Super King Air 350C". The first deliveries of this model also took place in 1990. In 1998 the UltraQuiet active noise canceling system[30] made by Elliott Aviation was added as standard equipment on all B300s.[31] In October 2003 Beechcraft announced that it would deliver future B300 and B300C King Airs with the Rockwell Collins Proline 21 avionics suite.[19]

The B300 model is still in production today (now marketed simply as the "King Air 350", the "Super" being dropped in 1996 as mentioned earlier), while the B300C is available for order; four were built in 2007[32] and Hawker Beechcraft announced on 11 November 2007 that it would deliver five to Saudi Arabia in 2008 for use as air ambulances.[33]

On 13 June 2005 Beechcraft announced at the Paris Air Show that it was developing the King Air 350ER version of the B300,[34] an equivalent to the earlier Model 200T and B200Ts of the 200 series. Changes include an increase of MTOW to 16,500 lb (7,430 kg), provision for surveillance equipment in a belly pod, the landing gear of the Beechcraft 1900 to handle the increased weight and provide ground clearance for the belly pod, and extra fuel capacity in the engine nacelles to increase range[35] (because of the B300s winglets it was unfeasible to fit wingtip fuel tanks as found on the 200T and B200T). On 11 November 2007 Hawker Beechcraft announced that the 350ER had been certified by the FAA.[36]

In October 2008 Beechcraft announced updated versions of the B300 series, the King Air 350i, with improvements to the passenger cabin. The manufacturer claims that the noise level and overall comfort of the King Air 350i, 350iER, 350iC and 350iCER are now competitive with those of light jets. The cabin of the B300 series has been updated with controllers in the passenger seat armrests that dim the LED lights, darken the windows and control an iPod dock and a high-definition video monitor. The cabin also includes Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports, AC electrical receptacles and fold-out tables for each passenger in the eight seats fitted. Deliveries commenced in December 2009.[37][38]

Model 300 military variants

File:Australian Beechcraft B300 King Air 350.JPG
One of eight King Air 350s in service with No. 32 Squadron RAAF

One special Super King Air B300C variant was built for the Swiss Air Force, with a modified belly to allow aerial photography and a large observation window in the right side aft fuselage;[39] and given a c/no. with a different prefix to other B300Cs.

Hawker Pacific in Australia purchased eight B300s between 2003 and 2005 for lease to the Royal Australian Air Force. These were subsequently modified as navigator trainers.[40] Hawker Pacific later leased another three B300s to the Australian Army, replacing B200 and B200C Model King Airs. The RAAF have also utilsed King Airs as an interim replacement for the DHC-4 Caribou transports of No. 38 Squadron.

File:LR-2.JPG
Japan Ground Self-Defense Force LR-2
File:Beechcraft B200 King Air - VH-MSH.jpg
B200 modified as Air Ambulance with large B200C-style door, stretcher lifter and wing lockers

The Japan Ground Self-Defense Force operates six B300s in the reconnaissance and communications roles under the designation LR-2. The aircraft were delivered between 1998 and 2004 and include the last B300 built without the Proline 21 avionics package (c/no. FL-382).[41][42][43]

Beechcraft announced on 6 March 2007 that the Iraqi Air Force had ordered five King Air 350ERs[44] for delivery commencing late in 2007. Hawker Beechcraft exhibited a King Air 350ER at the 2007 Paris Air Show;[45] and at the Royal International Air Tattoo the following month. Photos of the aircraft, actually a modified 2005-built B300,[46] show that visual features of the King Air 350ER include a belly pod, and enlarged engine nacelles[47] compared to the nacelles of standard B300 King Airs.

Four King Air 350ERs equipped for ISTAR missions over Afghanistan have been ordered for the Royal Air Force. This variant is called the Shadow R1 in RAF service.[48] Four more King Air 350s are due to replace the Royal Navy's Jetstream T2 observer trainers in 2011.[49]

The Royal Bahamas Defence Force operates a solitary B300 on maritime patrol and reconnaissance duties.[50]

The United States Army has contracted for a number of King 300s to be acquired on the second-hand market and modified as ISTAR aircraft for use by Task Force ODIN in operational theaters.[51][52] As of late 2010, eleven such aircraft are registered to the US Army.[53] Two Canadian-registered and owned King Air 300s, configured in the same manner have also been contracted for.[54][55]

Modification and upgrade programs

Numerous "after-market" modifications and upgrades are available for 200 and 300 Series King Airs.[56] One company offers a Wing Front Spar Reinforcement Kit for 200 Series aircraft and a modification to replace the electro-mechanical landing gear retraction system of early-build aircraft with an electro-hydraulic system. Another company offers a High Performance Leading Edge, Nacelle Wing Lockers, Ram Air Recovery System, Quiet Turbofan Propellers, High Flotation Gear Doors and Dual Aft Body Strakes.[57]

Another company offers a modification for the entire King Air line that entails reworking and extending the entire nose[58] to house a baggage compartment as well as the avionics normally found in the noses of King Air aircraft; while another offers winglets, similar to those of the B300, for 200 series and other 300 series King Airs.[59]

A modification to install a Forward looking infrared camera in an extended nose in B200 King Airs is available.[60] Other modifications available are to convert standard 200 Series King Airs to configurations equivalent to the Model 1300 or Model 200C and B200C King Airs; and to modify B300s (typically delivered with an eight-seat corporate interior) to allow more passengers and baggage to be carried.

Operational history

Super King Airs of the Argentine Navy saw active service during the Falklands War of 1982, used on night-time transport missions between Argentina and the islands.[61]

A B300 was used as the presidential transport aircraft of Paraguay between 1991 and 1994.[62]

On 24 June 1996, the 5,000th King Air, a Model B300, was delivered.[19] Less than nine years later, on 24 January 2005, the 6,000th Beechcraft King Air, B200 c/no. BB-1884, was delivered.[34][63] Beechcraft also delivered a special 40th Anniversary King Air (which was the 400th B300 as well) in 2005; the aircraft featured ruby-coloured exterior paint and real rubies in a special logo in the cabin.[64]

The Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia (RFDS) is a long-term[65] major operator of B200 and B200C King Airs (and previously Queen Airs and 90 series King Airs) as Air Ambulances. In all about 40 200 series King Airs have served with the RFDS. One was destroyed in a fatal crash near Mount Gambier, South Australia on 10 December 2001[66] while others have been retired and replaced by newer King Airs. As of January 2009 the RFDS operates 34 200 series King Airs throughout Australia.[67][68]

A large number of military King Airs have been retired and of these, many have entered civil service with Law Enforcement and other government organisations in the United States such as State Police and Sheriff Departments; others are now being used by the Missionary Aviation Fellowship and subsidiary organisations.[69]

Beechcraft intended that the Super King Air would be replaced by the Starship, a very advanced aircraft that proved to be a commercial failure due to its inferior performance compared to promises, and high purchase price. While most of the Starship fleet has been scrapped, the King Air continues to sell in healthy numbers.

Variants

In roughly chronological order, the 200 and 300 Series King Air variants and production numbers are:

Model 200
Prototypes and initial production version, 858 built including those converted to Model 200Ts;[14] first prototype was converted to PD 290 jet aircraft[13] and first three production aircraft were delivered to U.S. Army as Model A100-1s.[14]
Model A200
First model purpose-built for U.S. military (Army and Air Force), 75 built.[14]
Model 200T
Version with optional wingtip fuel tanks, optional dome-shaped side windows in the rear fuselage, and modified belly to allow aerial photography. Prototype and subsequent aircraft converted from Model 200s and re-serialled; 23 delivered.[15]
Model A200C
Second military model built for U.S. Navy and USMC with cargo door in LH rear fuselage, 90 built.[70]
Model 200C
Civil equivalent to A200C, 36 built.[17]
Model A200CT
Third military model, built for U.S. Army with cargo door and wingtip fuel tanks of Model 200T, 93 built.[17]
Model 200CT
Civil equivalent to A200CT; one aircraft converted from Model 200C.[17]
File:KingAir200-G-CDFY-122.jpg
King Air B200
Model B200
Current baseline production model; updated version of Model 200. 1,157 built as of the end of 2009 including those converted to Model B200Ts.[5][70] 12 aircraft delivered as Model 1300s.[17] Later models fitted with Proline 21 avionics[18]
Model B200C
Version of B200 with cargo door, available to order; 112 built as of the end of 2009,[5][17][21] of which 47 were built for the United States Air Force as C-12Fs.[17] Later models fitted with Proline 21 avionics.[18] A total of 65 other aircraft, similar in specification to the B200C, were built for the U.S. military.[17]
Model B200T
Version of B200 similar to Model 200T; aircraft converted from Model B200s and re-serialled. 23 delivered.[5][18][71]
Model B200CT
Version of B200C with wingtip fuel tanks; all aircraft converted from B200Cs and re-serialled. Eight delivered, to the Marina de Guerra del Perú and Israeli Air Force.[17][72][73] Another two similar aircraft built for the Israeli Air Force are without an official designation.[18]
Model 250
Includes new Hartzell composite scimitar propellers and third-party winglets and Ram Air Recovery System; can operate from shtorter runways than the B200GT.[74]

[75][76][77]

Model 300
Two versions, the standard Model 300 with increased MTOW of 14,000 lb (6,300 kg) and the Model 300LW with MTOW limited to 12,500 lb (5,700 kg) to meet the aviation regulatory requirements of various countries; 247 built including 35 Model 300LW and including two Model 300s modified and another 17 built specifically for the FAA for use in navaid calibration.[3][5][71][78]
File:Beech b300 kingair 350 m-five arp.jpg
B300 Super King Air 350, taken 2009
Model B300
Stretched model with two extra cabin windows each side of forward fuselage and winglets on wingtips;[78] in production as King Air 350i and King Air 350iER. 687 built as of the end of 2009, including 42 delivered as 350ERs.[5] Later aircraft fitted with Proline 21 avionics.[18]
Model B300C
Version of B300 with cargo door; available for order as 350iC and 350iCER. 35 built as of the end of 2009 including one for the Swiss Air Force with modifications for aerial surveillance and five aircraft modified prior to delivery with underwing hardpoints and delivered as 350CERs.[5][18] Later aircraft fitted with Proline 21 avionics.[18]
Model B200GT
Updated version of B200; current civil production model. 97 built as of the end of 2009.[5]
Model B200CGT
Updated version of B200C; available for order, but none built as of the end of 2009.[5]

Operators

File:World operators of the King Air.png
Military King Air operators
File:B200Cormoran.jpg
Argentine Naval Aviation Cormoran

More than 6,600 aircraft of the King Air line have been delivered and are operated by corporate, commercial, military and special mission operations in more than 94 countries.[79] Almost 53% of the aircraft delivered have been from the 200/300 series family.

Military operators

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Civil operators

The King Air is used by many corporate and private users, it is also popular as a light transport liaison aircraft with both government and non-government organisations. It is also used by air-taxi and air charter companies.

Accidents and incidents

  • 24 May 1981 - A Super King Air 200 of the Ecuadorian Air Force flew into a mountain with the loss of all 9 on board including Jaime Roldós Aguilera, the President of Ecuador.[81]
  • On February 17, 1993, The Commander of Turkish Gendarma Army, Eşref Bitlis was killed in the crash of a Model 200 Super King Air of the Turkish Air Force. The reason of crash is still unknown.
  • On October 24, 2004, a Beechcraft Super King Air 200 crashed miles short of the runway at Blue Ridge Airport in Martinsville, Virginia, killing members of NASCAR team owner Rick Hendrick's family, including John Hendrick, president of Hendrick Motorsports and NASCAR Busch Series driver and owner Ricky Hendrick. This became known as the 2004 Martinsville plane crash, as the passengers were on their way to the Martinsville NASCAR race.

Specifications (King Air B200)

Beechcraft King Air B200

Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft,[12] Airliners.net[4]

General characteristics

Performance


See also

Related development

Comparable aircraft

Related lists

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References and sources

References

  1. ↑ Phillips (1992), p.7
  2. ↑ Phillips (1992), p.9
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Phillips (1992), p.10
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Lundgren, Johan (1996-2006). Raytheon Beechcraft King Air 200. Airliners.net. AirNav Systems LLC. URL accessed on 2006-07-30.
  5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 Hawker Beechcraft aircraft Serial Number Lists 1945 to present retrieved 2010-02-01.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 2009 Business Aircraft Comparison Charts, Business and Commercial Aviation magazine (online version) retrieved 2010-01-31
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Phillips (1992), p.70
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 Phillips (1992), p.65
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Potts, Mike. "The King Air Story (Part 1)", www.avbuyer.com, May 2004 retrieved 2010-01-31.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Phillips (1992), p.64
  11. ↑ Lundgren, Johan (1996-2006). Raytheon 90/100 King Air. Airliners.net. AirNav Systems LLC. URL accessed on 2010-01-31.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Jackson, Paul; Munson, Kenneth; Peacock, Lindsay (2005). Jane's All the World's Aircraft. Jane's Information Group. ISBN 0-7106-2684-3. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8 Phillips (1992), p.66
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 Phillips (1992), p.83
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Phillips (1992), pp.84-85
  16. ↑ Phillips (1992), p.91
  17. ↑ 17.00 17.01 17.02 17.03 17.04 17.05 17.06 17.07 17.08 17.09 17.10 17.11 17.12 17.13 Phillips (1992), p.84
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.7 18.8 18.9 FAA Beech 200 and 300 Series Type Certificate retrieved 2007-12-11.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 Wings Over Kansas Beech King Air timeline retrieved 2007-10-14.
  20. ↑ Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia 2007/2008 Annual Report retrieved 2010-01-31
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Australian civil aircraft register search, using "BL-15" as the serial number search parameter. Search conducted 2010-01-31.
  22. ↑ UK civil aircraft register search, using "BL-" and "Gama Aviation" as the search parameters. Search conducted 21 January 2009.
  23. ↑ Hawker Beechcraft Press Release retrieved 2007-10-16.
  24. ↑ Hawker Beechcraft Press Release retrieved 2007-10-13.
  25. ↑ Short histories of CAF aircraft types retrieved 2007-10-30.
  26. ↑ The model of aircraft used was obtained by conducting searches of the Canadian historic civil aircraft register using information obtained from the above-listed source as search parameters. Note that one aircraft is listed as a Model B200, but the serial number given is that of a Model 200. Searches conducted 2007-10-30.
  27. ↑ Unofficial RCAF website CT-145 information retrieved 2007-10-30. Template:Dead link
  28. ↑ RAF - King Air B200
  29. ↑ Phillips (1992), p.68
  30. ↑ In brief, this works by sampling noise inside the aircraft through a set of microphones, processing the received audio, and then transmitting antiphase sounds through a set of speakers. The microphones and speakers are mounted in the aircraft interior paneling in various parts of the cabin.
  31. ↑ Funding Universe Raytheon History retrieved 2007-10-16.
  32. ↑ Information derived from search of the LAASdata.com turboprop aircraft database using "FM-" as the search parameter to obtain c/nos. of the aircraft, then conducting an online search of the Canadian civil aircraft register. Searches conducted 2007-10-16.
  33. ↑ Hawker Beechcraft Media Release retrieved 2007-12-11.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 Beechcraft History retrieved 2007-10-14.
  35. ↑ Wings Over Kansas News retrieved 2007-10-14.
  36. ↑ Hawker Beechcraft Media Release retrieved 2007-12-11.
  37. ↑ "Hawker Beechcraft Corporation Goes Hi-Tech, Hi-Def with New Beechcraft King Air 350i" - Hawker Beechcraft Media Release. Retrieved: 24 October 2008.
  38. ↑ Grady, Mary (April 2010). King Air 350i Debuts At Sun 'n Fun. Retrieved on 14 April 2010.
  39. ↑ Information derived from perusal of the LAASdata King Air 300 Series database and a search of the Airliners.net photo database, using "FN-1" as the search parameter. Searches conducted 2007-10-16.
  40. ↑ ADF serials King Air page retrieved 2007-10-25.
  41. ↑ JGSDF Order of Battle accessed via this page, retrieved 2007-10-25.
  42. ↑ Aerospace Technology King Air 350 page retrieved 2007-10-25.
  43. ↑ LAASdata King Air 300 Series database retrieved 2007-10-25.
  44. ↑ Hawker Beechcraft Press Release retrieved 2007-10-14.
  45. ↑ Hawker Beechcraft Press Release retrieved 2007-10-16.
  46. ↑ US civil aircraft register search conducted 2007-10-16.
  47. ↑ Airliners.net photos of B300 c/no. FL-424 retrieved 2007-10-16.
  48. ↑ UK converts King Air 350s into ISTAR platforms. www.defence-solutions.co.uk (2009-01-13). Retrieved on 2009-02-16.
  49. ↑ Royal Navy unveils its new King Air
  50. ↑ Royal Bahamas Defence Force Equipment page retrieved 2008-08-01. Template:Dead link
  51. ↑ Photo of Task Force ODIN King Air 300
  52. ↑ Sierra Nevada King Air shows odd mods at static
  53. ↑ U.S. civil aircraft register online searches, using "Beech" and "300" as the search parameters; then perusing individual entries for ownership details. Searches conducted 2010-12-1.
  54. ↑ More on Canada (Maybe) Offering Civilian “Ear in the Sky” Help in AFG
  55. ↑ telligence, Surveillance, & Reconnaissance: New ISR Aircraft Canadian Forces 'CT-145Bs' or Contractor-Operated King Airs?
  56. ↑ A list of STCs available for King Air series aircraft is available on the FAA website.
  57. ↑ Raisbeck King Air Performance Systems
  58. ↑ FAA STC No. SA00367SE retrieved 2007-12-11.
  59. ↑ FAA STC No. SA01615SE retrieved 2007-12-11.
  60. ↑ FAA STC No. SA01853LA retrieved 2007-12-11.
  61. ↑ Latin American Aviation Historical Society article mentioning Argentine Navy transport ops during the war. Retrieved 2007-10-24.
  62. ↑ Presidential Aircraft in Paraguay retrieved 2007-10-24. Template:Dead link
  63. ↑ AVWeb News Archive retrieved 2007-10-14.
  64. ↑ Ruby-Encrusted King Air Coming to AirVenture retrieved 2007-10-24.
  65. ↑ Developments/changes In Australian Health Care and RFDS 2000/2001 Fleet List Template:Dead link; pages from the RFDS 2001 Annual Report retrieved 2007-10-16.
  66. ↑ ATSB Aviation Safety Investigation Report Number BO/200105769 retrieved 2007-10-30.
  67. ↑ Australian Civil aircraft register search, using "Royal Flying Doctor Service" as the search parameter; search conducted 21 January 2009.
  68. ↑ Australian Civil aircraft register search, using "RFDS" as the search parameter; search conducted 21 January 2009.
  69. ↑ U.S. civil aircraft register online searches, using "Beech" and "A200", and "Raytheon" and "A200", as the search parameters; then perusing individual entries for ownership details and conducting Google searches where necessary to establish owner activities. Searches conducted 2007-10-24.
  70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 Phillips (1992), pp.83-84
  71. ↑ 71.0 71.1 Phillips (1992), p.85
  72. ↑ Laasdata list of Israeli turboprops retrieved 2010-02-06.
  73. ↑ Laasdata list of Peruvian turboprops retrieved 2010-02-06.
  74. ↑ Beechcraft King Air 250 page
  75. ↑ Hawker announces new King Air model
  76. ↑ King Air 250 Gets Hartzell Composite Prop Blades
  77. ↑ New King Air 250 incorporates Raisbeck Engineering's Ram Air Recovery System
  78. ↑ 78.0 78.1 Phillips (1992), p.67
  79. ↑ Aerospace technology.com, retrieved July 30, 2006
  80. ↑ http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/2001/2001%20-%203767.html
  81. ↑ (September 1981) "Bangs/Prangs". British Aviation Review 29 (9). 
  82. ↑ List of Governmental aircraft of the Republic of Macedonia. Retrieved: 14 August 2008.

Sources

  • Jackson, Paul (2003). "Beech King Air B200". Jane's All the World's Aircraft 2003-2004: 531–532. ISBN 0-7106-2537-5. Retrieved on 2007-10-08. 
  • Phillips, Edward H. Beechcraft - Pursuit of Perfection, A History of Beechcraft Airplanes. Flying Books, Eagan, Minnesota 1992. ISBN 0-911139-11-7

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