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Lycoming O-320
The Lycoming O-320 is a large family of 92 different normally-aspirated, air-cooled, four-cylinder, direct-drive engines commonly used on light aircraft such as the Cessna 172 and Piper Cherokee. Different variants are rated for 150 or 160 horsepower (112 or 119 kilowatts). As implied by the engine's name, its cylinders are arranged in horizontally-opposed configuration and a displacement of 320 cubic inches (5.24 L / 319.75cuin).[1]
Contents
Design and development
The O-320 family of engines includes the carbureted O-320, the fuel injected IO-320, the inverted mount, fuel injected AIO-320 and the aerobatic, fuel injected AEIO-320 series. The LIO-320 is a series of two models identical to the same model IO-320, but with the crankshaft rotating in the opposite direction for use on twin-engined aircraft to eliminate the critical engine.[2][3]
The first O-320, the A1A was FAA certified on 28 July 1953 to CAR 13 effective 5 March 1952. The first IO-320 was certified on 10 April 1961, with the AIO-320 following on 23 June 1969 and the first aerobatic AEIO-320 on 12 April 1974. The LIO-320s were both certified on 28 August 1969.[2][3]
The O-320 family of engines externally resembles the Lycoming O-235 and O-290 family from which they were derived. The O-320 shares the same Template:Convert stroke as the smaller engines, but produces more power with the bore increased to Template:Convert. The design uses hydraulic tappets and incorporates the provisions for a hydraulically-controlled propeller installation as well. The controllable pitch propeller models use a different crankshaft from those intended for fixed pitch propellers.[4]
The O-320 uses a conventional wet sump system for lubrication. The main bearings, connecting rods, camshaft bearings, tappets and pushrods are all pressure lubricated, while the piston pins, cylinder walls and gears are all lubricated by spray. The oil system is pressurized by an accessory-drive mounted oil pump. The engine uses a remotely mounted oil cooler, connected to the engine by flexible hoses.[4]
The carburetted O-320, but not the fuel-injected versions, have available an STC that allows the use of automotive fuel as a replacement for more expensive avgas.[5]
The factory retail price of the O-320 varies by model. In December 2008 the retail price of an O-320-B1A was USD$36,728[6]
Variants
O-320 series
- 0-320-A1A
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Provisions for a controllable pitch propeller and 25-degree spark advance.[4]
- 0-320-A1B
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Same as A1A but with straight riser in oil sump and -32 carburetor.[4]
- 0-320-A2A
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Same as A1A but with fixed pitch propeller.[4]
- 0-320-A2B
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Same as A2A but with straight riser in oil sump and -32 carburetor.[4]
- 0-320-A2C
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Same as A2B but with retard breaker magnetos.[4]
- 0-320-A2D
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Same as E3D but with conical mounts.[4]
- 0-320-A3A
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Same as A1A but with 7/16" prop bolts.[4]
- 0-320-A3B
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Same as A3A but with straight riser in oil sump and -32 carburetor.[4]
- 0-320-A3C
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Same as A3B but with retard breaker magnetos.[4]
- 0-320-B1A
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100/130 or 91/96 avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as A1A but with high compression pistons.[4]
- 0-320-B1B
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100/130 or 91/96 avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as B1A but with straight riser in oil sump and -32 carburetor.[4]
- 0-320-B2A
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100/130 or 91/96 avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as B1A but with fixed pitch propeller provisions.[4]
- 0-320-B2B
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100/130 or 91/96 avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as B2A but with straight riser in oil sump and -32 carburetor.[4]
- 0-320-B2C
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100/130 or 91/96 avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as B2B but with retard breaker magnetos.[4]
- 0-320-B2D
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as D1D but with conical engine mounts and no propeller governor.[2]
- 0-320-B2E
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as B2B except the carburetor is in the same location as the O-320-D models.[2]
- 0-320-B3A
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100/130 or 91/96 avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as B1A but with 7/16 inch propeller bolts.[4]
- 0-320-B3B
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100/130 or 91/96 avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as B1A but with 7/16 inch propellor bolts, a straight riser in oil sump, and -32 carburetor.[4]
- O-320-B3C
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100/130 or 91/96 avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as B3B but with retard breaker magnetos.[4]
- 0-320-C1A
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Low compression version converted through field conversion of B1A.[4]
- 0-320-C1B
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Low compression version converted through field conversion of B1B.[4]
- 0-320-C2A
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Low compression version converted through field conversion of B2A.[4]
- 0-320-C2B
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Low compression version converted through field conversion of B2B.[4]
- 0-320-C2C
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Low compression version converted through field conversion of B2C.[4]
- 0-320-C3A
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Low compression version converted through field conversion of B3A.[4]
- 0-320-C3B
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Low compression version converted through field conversion of B3B.[4]
- 0-320-C3C
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Low compression version converted through field conversion of B3C.[4]
- 0-320-D1A
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100/130 or 91/96 avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as B3B but with Type 1 dynafocal mounts.[4]
- 0-320-D1B
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100/130 or 91/96 avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as D1A but with retard breaker magnetos.[4]
- 0-320-D1C
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100/130 or 91/96 avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as D2C but with provisions for a controllable propeller,[4]
- 0-320-D1D
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as the D1A but with Slick instead of Bendix magnetos and a horizontal carburetor and induction housing.[2] This model was used in the Gulfstream American GA-7 Cougar twin.
- 0-320-D1F
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Same as E1F except with high compression pistons.[4]
- 0-320-D2A
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100/130 or 91/96 avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as D1A but with fixed pitch propeller provisions and 3/8 inch attaching bolts.[4] Used in the Symphony SA-160.
- 0-320-D2B
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100/130 or 91/96 avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as D2A but retard breaker magnetos.[4]
- 0-320-D2C
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100/130 or 91/96 avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as D2A except -1200 series magnetos.[4]
- 0-320-D2F
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Same as E2F except with high compression pistons.[4]
- 0-320-D2G
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as the D2A except with Slick instead of Bendix magnetos and 7/16 inch instead of 3/8 inch propeller flange bolts..[2]
- 0-320-D2H
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as the D2G except with a O-320-B sump and intake pipes and with provisions for AC type fuel pump.[2]
- 0-320-D2J
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1.Similar to the D2G but with two Slick impulse coupling magnetos and the propeller governor pad, fuel pump and governor pads on the accessory housing all not machined.[2] Used in the Cessna 172P.
- 0-320-D3G
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as the D2G but with 3/8 inch propeller attaching bolts.[2]
- 0-320-E1A
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Same as A3B but with Type 1 dynafocal mounts.[4]
- 0-320-E1B
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Same as E1A but with retard breaker magnetos.[4]
- 0-320-E1C
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Same as E1B.[4]
- 0-320-E1F
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Same as E1C but with propeller governor drive on the left front of the crankcase.[4]
- 0-320-E1J
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Same as the E1F but with Slick magnetos.[2]
- 0-320-E2A
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, or Template:Convert at 2450 rpm Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Same as E1A but with fixed pitch propeller, 3/8 inch attaching bolts and an alternate power rating of Template:Convert.[4]
- 0-320-E2B
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Same as E2A but with retard breaker magnetos.[4]
- 0-320-E2C
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, or Template:Convert at 2450 rpm Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Same as E2A but -1200 series mags and an alternate power rating of Template:Convert.[4]
- 0-320-E2D
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Similar to E2A but with Slick disposable magnetos and 0-235 front.[4] Used in the Cessna 172 I to M models.
- 0-320-E2F
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Same as E1F but with fixed pitch prop provisions.[4]
- 0-320-E2G
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Same as E2D but with 0-320-A sump and intake pipes.[4]
- 0-320-E2H
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Same as E2D but with S4LN-20 and -21 magnetos.[4]
- 0-320-E3D
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Same as E2D but with 3/8 inch propeller flange bolts.[4]
- 0-320-E3H
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Same as E3D but with S4LN-20 and -21 magnetos.[4]
- 0-320-H1AD
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100LL avgas, compression ratio 9.00:1. Integral accessory section crankcase, front mounted fuel pump external mounted oil pump and D4RN-2O21 impulse coupling dual magneto.[2]
- 0-320-H1BD
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100LL avgas, compression ratio 9.00:1. Same as H1AD but with a D4RN-2200 retard breaker dual magneto.[2]
- 0-320-H2AD
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100LL avgas, compression ratio 9.00:1. Same as H1AD but with provisions for a fixed pitch propeller.[2] This was the troublesome engine that was installed on the Cessna 172N.[7]
- 0-320-H2BD
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100LL avgas, compression ratio 9.00:1. Same as the H2AD but with a D4RN-2200 retard breaker dual magneto.[2]
- 0-320-H3AD
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100LL avgas, compression ratio 9.00:1. Same as the H2AD but with 3/8 inch propeller flange bolts, in place of instead of 7/16 inch.[2]
- 0-320-H3BD
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 100LL avgas, compression ratio 9.00:1. Same as H3AD but with a D4RN-2200 retard breaker dual magneto.[2]
IO-320 series
- I0-320-A1A
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Base model with a Bendix RSA -5AD1 fuel injection system.[3]
- I0-320-A2A
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Same as A1A but with provisions for fixed pitch propeller.[3]
- I0-320-B1A
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as the A1A but with the fuel injector offset toward the engine's fore and aft centerline.[3]
- I0-320-B1B
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as the A1A but with an AN fuel pump drive.[3]
- I0-320-B1C
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as the B1A but with an adapter for mounting the fuel injector straight to the rear.[3]
- I0-320-B1D
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as the B1C but with S-1200 series high altitude magnetos.[3]
- I0-320-B1E
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as the D1C except with a horizontal fuel injector.[3]
- I0-320-B2A
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as the BIA but with provision for a fixed pitch propeller.[3]
- I0-320-C1A
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as the B1B except it has features making it suitable for adding a turbo-supercharger via a Supplemental Type Certificate This engine has internal piston cooling oil nozzles.[3]
- I0-320-C1B
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as the C1A but with a horizontal rear mounted fuel injector.[3]
- I0-320-D1A
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as the B1D but with Type 1 dynafocal mounts, S4LN-1227 and S4LN-1209 magnetos and the fuel injector mounted vertically under the oil sump.[3]
- I0-320-D1B
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as the D1A but with the propeller governor drive on the left front of crankcase instead of on the accessory housing.[3]
- I0-320-D1C
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as the D1B but with Slick Magnetos.[3]
- I0-320-E1A
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Same as E2A but with provision for a controllable pitch propeller.[3]
- I0-320-E1B
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Same as E1A but with Slick 4050 and 4051 magnetos.[3]
- I0-320-E2A
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Same as A2A but with Scintilla S4LN-20 and S4LN-21 magnetos, straight conical mounts, and the fuel injector mounted under the oil sump.[3]
- I0-320-E2B
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Same as E2A but with Slick 4050 and 4051 magnetos.[3]
- I0-320-F1A
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as the C1A except with a Type 1 (30°) dynafocal mount attachment instead of Type 2 (18°) mount attachment.[3]
LIO-320 series
- LI0-320-B1A
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as B1A except with counter-clockwise engine rotation and reverse rotation of accessories. It uses a modified starter ring gear, crankshaft, cam shaft, accessory housing and oil pump body. This engine is usually paired with an IO-320-B1A on a twin engined aircraft.[3]
- LI0-320-C1A
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as C1A except with the same changes as the LIO-320-B1A. It has provisions for adding a turbo-supercharger. This engine is usually paired with an IO-320-C1A on a twin engined aircraft.[3]
AIO-320 series
- AI0-320-A1A
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as the IO-320-B1D but this model permits installation and operation of the engine in the inverted position. The differences include a front mounted propeller governor, two dry oil sumps, dual external oil scavenge pumps, an oil tank, three options for the position of the fuel injector and a Type 1 dynafocal mount.[3]
- AI0-320-A1B
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as the A1A but with one impulse coupling magneto.[3]
- AI0-320-A2A
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as the A1A but with provision for a fixed pitch propeller.[3]
- AI0-320-A2B
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as the A1A but has one impulse coupling magneto and a fixed pitch propeller.[3]
- AI0-320-B1B
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as the A1B but with a front-mounted fuel injector.[3]
- AI0-320-C1B
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as the B1B but with the fuel injector vertically mounted on bottom of the oil sump in the front position.[3]
AEIO-320 series
- AEI0-320-D1B
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as the IO-320-D1B but with an inverted oil system kit to allow aerobatic flight.[3]
- AEI0-320-D2B
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 91/96 or 100LL avgas, compression ratio 8.50:1. Same as the AEIO-320-D1A but without provisions for a propeller governor.[3]
- AEI0-320-E1A
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Same as the IO-320-E1A but with an inverted oil system kit to allow aerobatic flight.[3]
- AEI0-320-E1B
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Same as the IO-320-E1B but with an inverted oil system kit to allow aerobatic flight.[3]
- AEI0-320-E2A
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Same as the IO-320-E2A but with an inverted oil system kit to allow aerobatic flight.[3]
- AEI0-320-E2B
- Template:Convert at 2700 rpm, Minimum fuel grade 80/87 avgas, compression ratio 7.00:1. Same as the IO-320-E2B but with an inverted oil system kit to allow aerobatic flight.[3]
Applications
- Cessna 172
- Grumman American AA-5
- Gulfstream American GA-7 Cougar
- Hatz homebuilt biplane
- Piper Aztec
- Piper Apache
- Piper PA-40 Arapaho
- Piper Cherokee
- Piper Tripacer
- Robin DR400
- Robinson R22
- Symphony SA-160
- Thorp T-18
Specifications (O-320-A1A)
See also
References
Notes
- ↑ Gunston 1989, p.98.
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 Federal Aviation Administration (September 2005). TYPE CERTIFICATE DATA SHEET NO. E-274 Revision 20. Retrieved on 2009-01-15.
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 3.26 3.27 3.28 3.29 3.30 3.31 3.32 3.33 Federal Aviation Administration (December 2003). TYPE CERTIFICATE DATA SHEET NO. 1E12 Revision 9. Retrieved on 2009-01-16.
- ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 4.22 4.23 4.24 4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 4.29 4.30 4.31 4.32 4.33 4.34 4.35 4.36 4.37 4.38 4.39 4.40 4.41 4.42 4.43 4.44 4.45 4.46 4.47 Christy, Joe: Engines for Homebuilt Aircraft & Ultralights, pages 77-80 TAB Books, 1983. ISBN 0-8306-2347-7
- ↑ Experimental Aircraft Association (2009). Engine Models Approved. Retrieved on 2009-06-06.
- ↑ Lycoming Engines (2008). 2008 Lycoming Service Engine Price List (PDF). Retrieved on 2008-12-20.
- ↑ Cessna Aircraft: Pilot Operating Handbook 1977 Skyhawk Cessna Model 172N, page 1-3. Cessna Aircraft, 1976.
Bibliography
- Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 1989. ISBN 1-85260-163-9
External links
Template:Lycoming aeroengines Template:US military piston aeroengines
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Lycoming O-320". |