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de Havilland Goblin
The de Havilland Goblin, originally the Halford H-1, is an early turbojet engine designed by Frank Halford. The Goblin built by de Havilland was the second British jet engine to fly, and the first to pass tests and receive a "Gas Turbine" class type rating.[1]
The Goblin was the primary engine of the de Havilland Vampire, and was to have been the engine for the F-80 Shooting Star (as the Allis-Chalmers J36) before that design switched engines due to production delays. The Goblin also powered the Saab 21R, Fiat G.80 and de Havilland Swallow. The Goblin was later expanded into the larger de Havilland Ghost, with the model numbers continuing from the last marks of the Goblin.
Contents
Design and development
Design of the engine was carried out by Frank Halford at his London consulting firm starting in April 1941.[2] It was based on the basic design pioneered by Frank Whittle, using a centrifugal compressor providing compressed air to sixteen individual flame cans, from which the exhaust powered a single-stage axial turbine. Compared to Whittle designs, the H-1 was "cleaned up" in that it used a single-sided compressor with the inlet at the front, and a "straight through" layout with the flame cans exhausting straight onto the turbine. Whittle's designs used a "reverse flow" layout that piped the hot air back to the middle of the engine, in order to "fold" it and reduce its length. Halford's changes made his engine somewhat simpler than Whittle's designs, notably allowing one of the main bearings to be removed. Nevertheless it was a fairly compact design, even without the Whittle-style "folding".
The H-1 first ran on 13 April 1942, and quickly matured to produce its full design thrust within two months. It first flew on 5 March 1943 in the Gloster Meteor, and on 26 September in the de Havilland Vampire.[3] It was around this time that de Havilland purchased Halford's company and set him up as the chairman of the de Havilland Engine Company, with the engine name changing from H-1 to "Goblin", while the new H-2 design became the "Ghost".
In July 1943, one of the two H-1s then available (actually the spare engine intended as a backup for the one installed in the Vampire prototype) was sent to the United States, where it was selected to become the primary engine of the F-80. This engine was fitted to the prototype which first flew on 9 January, 1944. The engine was later accidentally destroyed in ground testing, and generously replaced by the only remaining H-1 from the prototype Vampire.[3] Allis-Chalmers was selected to produce the engine in the US as the J36, but ran into lengthy delays. Instead General Electric was forced to give the I-40 (their greatly improved 4,000 lbf version of the Rolls-Royce Derwent) to Allison Engine, becoming the Allison J33.
Variants
- H.1/Goblin I:
Developed about 2,300 lbf (10.2 kN) thrust (nominal thrust for prototype) and 2,700 lbf (12.0 kN) for production models.
- Goblin II:
3,100 lbf (13.8 kN)
- Goblin 3:
3,350 lbf (14.9 kN)
- Goblin 35:
3,500 lbf (15.6 kN)
- Goblin 4:
3,750 lbf (16.7 kN)
Applications
Aircraft applications
- de Havilland Vampire
- de Havilland Swallow
- Curtiss XF15C-1
- Fiat G.80
- Gloster Meteor
- Lockheed XP-80
- Saab 21R
Alternative applications
Engines on display
Goblin engines are preserved and on display at several museums including:
- de Havilland Aircraft Heritage Centre
- Midland Air Museum
- Shuttleworth Collection
- Royal Air Force Museum (Cosford)
Survivors
As of July 2009, two Goblin powered de Havilland Vampires remain airworthy on the British register.[4]
Specifications (D.H Goblin II)
Data from:Smith[5] Template:Jetspecs
See also
Related development
Related lists
Lists relating to aviation | |
|---|---|
| General | Timeline of aviation · Aircraft · Aircraft manufacturers · Aircraft engines · Aircraft engine manufacturers · Airports · Airlines |
| Military | Air forces · Aircraft weapons · Missiles · Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) · Experimental aircraft |
| Notable incidents and accidents | Military aviation · Airliners · General aviation · Famous aviation-related deaths |
| Records | Flight airspeed record · Flight distance record · Flight altitude record · Flight endurance record · Most produced aircraft |
References
Notes
Bibliography
- Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 1989. ISBN 1-85260-163-9
- Smith, Geoffrey G.Gas Turbines and Jet Propulsion for Aircraft, London S.E.1, Flight Publishing Co.Ltd., 1946.
External links
Template:DHaeroengines Template:US military gas turbine aeroengines Template:Swedish military gas turbine aeroengines
Lists relating to aviation | |
|---|---|
| General | Timeline of aviation · Aircraft · Aircraft manufacturers · Aircraft engines · Aircraft engine manufacturers · Airports · Airlines |
| Military | Air forces · Aircraft weapons · Missiles · Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) · Experimental aircraft |
| Notable incidents and accidents | Military aviation · Airliners · General aviation · Famous aviation-related deaths |
| Records | Flight airspeed record · Flight distance record · Flight altitude record · Flight endurance record · Most produced aircraft |
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| This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "De Havilland Goblin". |
