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Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21

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MiG-21
MiG-21bis of 1st Naval Fighter Squadron, Polish Air Force.
Type Fighter
Manufacturer Mikoyan-Gurevich OKB
Maiden flight 14 June 1956
Introduced 1959
Primary users Soviet Air Force
Indian Air Force
Romanian Air Force
Vietnam People's Air Force
Number built 10,352[1]

10,158 in the USSR, 194 in Czechoslovakia

Variants Ye-150
Ye-152
Chengdu J-7

The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 (Template:Lang-ru) (NATO reporting name "Fishbed") is a supersonic jet fighter aircraft, designed and built by the Mikoyan-Gurevich Design Bureau in the Soviet Union. More than 30 countries have flown the MiG-21, and it still serves many nations a half-century after its first flight. Its Mach 2 capability exceeds the top speed of many later fighters. Estimates are more than 10,000 MiG-21s were built, more than any other supersonic jet aircraft.[2]

Development

The MiG 21 was a continuation of Soviet jet fighter development, starting with the subsonic MiG-15, MiG-17, and the low-supersonic MiG-19. A number of experimental Mach 2 Soviet designs featured nose intakes with either swept-back wings, such as the Sukhoi Su-7, or tailed deltas, of which the MiG-21 would be the most successful.

The E-5 prototype was first flown in 1955 and made its first public appearance during the Soviet Aviation Day display at Moscow's Tushino Airport in June 1956. The first delta-wing prototype, named Ye-4 (or E-4) flew on 14 June 1956, and the production MiG-21 entered service in early 1959. Employing a delta configuration, the MiG-21 was the first successful Soviet aircraft combining fighter and interceptor characteristics in a single aircraft. It was a lightweight fighter, achieving Mach 2 with a relatively low-powered afterburning turbojet, and is thus comparable to the American F-104 Starfighter and French Dassault Mirage III.

When the MiG-21 was first introduced, it exhibited several flaws. Its early version air-to-air missiles, the Vympel K-13 (NATO reporting name AA-2 'Atoll'), were not successful in combat, and its gyro gunsight was easily thrown off in high-speed maneuvers, making the initial version of the MiG-21 an ineffective aircraft. These problems were remedied, and during the Middle Eastern and Vietnam wars, the MiG-21 proved to be an effective aircraft. Subsequent MiG-21 models added design modifications to incorporate lessons learned in these wars.

Like many aircraft designed as interceptors, the MiG-21 had a short range. This was not helped by a design defect where the center of gravity shifted rearwards once two-thirds of the fuel had been used. This had the effect of making the plane uncontrollable, resulting in an endurance of only 45 minutes in clean condition. The delta wing, while excellent for a fast-climbing interceptor, meant that any form of turning combat led to a rapid loss of speed. However, the light loading of the aircraft could mean that, at 50% fuel and with two AA-2 Atolls, a climb rate of 58,000 ft (17,670 m) per minute was possible, not far short of the performance of the later F-16A. Given a skilled pilot and capable missiles, it could give a good account of itself against contemporary fighters. It was replaced by the newer variable-geometry MiG-23 and MiG-27 for ground support duties. However, not until the MiG-29 would the Soviet Union ultimately replace the MiG-21 as a maneuvering dogfighter to counter new American air superiority types.

The MiG-21 was exported widely and continues to be used well past the time where it might have been considered obsolete. The aircraft's simple controls, engine, weapons, and avionics were typical of Soviet-era military designs. While technologically inferior to the more advanced fighters it often faced, low production and maintenance costs made it a favorite of nations buying Eastern Bloc military hardware.

Due to the lack of available information, early details of the MiG-21 were often confused with those of the similar Sukhoi fighters also under development. Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1960-1961 describes the "Fishbed" as a Sukhoi design, and uses an illustration of the Su-9 'Fishpot'.

Production

A total of 10158 (some sources say 10645) were built in the USSR. They were produced in three factories, in the GAZ 30 in Moscow (also known as Znamiya Truda), in GAZ 21 in Gorky[3] and in GAZ 31 in Tbilisi. The type of "MiG" manufactured differed. Gorky built single-seaters for the Soviet forces. Moscow built single-seaters for export and Tbilisi manufactured the twin-seaters both for export and for the USSR. However, there are exceptions. The MiG-21R and MiG-21bis for export and for the USSR were built in Gorky, 17 single-seaters were built in Tbilisi (probably MiG-21F), the MiG-21MF was first built in Moscow and then Gorky, and the MiG-21U was built in Moscow as well as in Tbilisi. The count for each factory is:

  • 5278(or 5765) in Gorky
  • 3203 in Moscow
  • 1677 in Tbilisi [2]

Technical description

The MiG-21 is a single-engined jet fighter aircraft capable of supersonic flight. [3] [4]

Wing

The MiG-21 has a delta wing. The sweep angle on the leading edge is 57° with a TsAGI S-12 airfoil. The angle of incidence is 0° while the dihedral angle is -2°. On the trailing edge there are ailerons with an area of 1,18 m², and flaps with an area of 1,87 m². In front of the ailerons there are small wing fences.

Fuselage

A semi-monocoque with an elliptical profile with a maximum width of 1,24m. The air flow to the engine is regulated by a cone in the air intake. Up until the MiG-21PF it is three staged. On speeds up to M=1,5 it is fully retracted, between speeds of M=1,5 and M=1,9 it is in the middle position, and with speeds higher than M=1,9 it is in the maximum forward position. However, on the MiG-21PF it adapts to the actual speed, according to the UVD-2M system aboard the aircraft, which monitors the pressure in front and behind the compressor of the engine. On both side of the nose there are gills to supply the engine with more air while on the ground and during takeoff. In the first variant of the MiG-21, the Pitot tube is on the bottom of the nose; after the MiG-21P, every version of the "21" has this tube situated on the top of the air intake. The cabin is pressurized and air conditioned. The canopy up until the MiG-21PFM opens on a hinge on the front of the canopy. When ejecting the SK-1 ejection seat connects with the canopy making a capsule to enclose the pilot and protect him from the airflow, after which it would separate and the pilot would parachute down. However, the canopy took too long to separate and some pilots were killed after ejecting at low altitudes. On the MiG-21PFM the canopy opens on a hinge on the right side of the cockpit. On the belly of the plane there are three air brakes, two at the front and one at the back. The front brakes have an area of 0,76 m², and a deflection angle of 35°. The back one has an area of 0,46 m² and a deflection angle of 40°. The usage of the back air brake is blocked if the plane carries an external fuel tank. Behind the air brakes are the bays for the main landing gear. Under the body, just behind the trailing edge of the wing, two JATO rockets can be attached. The front part of the fuselage ends with former #28. Beginning with former #28a is the back part of the fuselage, which is removable for engine maintenance.

Empennage

The empennage of the MiG-21 consists of a vertical stabilizer, a stabilator and a small fin on the bottom of the tail to improve yaw control. The vertical stabilizer has a sweep angle of 60° and an area of 5,32 m² (on earlier version 3,8 m²) and a rudder. The stabilator has sweep angle of 57°, an area of 3,94 m² and a span of 2,6m.

Landing Gear

A tricycle type undercarriage with a nose gear. The main landing gear has tires 800 mm in diameter and 600 mm in width (till the MiG-21P 660x200). The wheels of the main landing gear retract in the fuselage after rotating 87°, the shock absorbers retract in the wing. The nose gear retracts forward in the fuselage under the radar. The wheel base is 4,71m, the track width is 2,69m.

Engines
File:Airforce Museum Berlin-Gatow 313.JPG
MiG-21 engine

[5]

Engine Thrust (kN)* Variant
R-11F-300 38,2/53,4 F, F-13, U
R-11F2-300 38,7/60,0 F-13 (refitted), PF, FL
R-11F2S-300 38,2/60,6 PF, PFS, PFM, R, S, M, US, UM
R-11F2SK-300 38,2/60,6 MF
R-13-300 39,9/63,7 M (refitted), MF, RF, SM, SMT, UM (refitted)
R-25-300 40,2/69,9 97,1kN with "extreme afterburner" bis
  • without/with afterburner

Operational history

Vietnam

File:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21PF USAF.jpg
MiG-21PF of Vietnam People's Air Force captured by Americans in museum.

The MiG-21 initially achieved renown in the Vietnam War, during which it saw frequent action. It was one of the most advanced aircraft at the time; however, many North Vietnamese aces preferred flying the MiG-17, since the high wing loading on the MiG-21 made it less maneuverable than the MiG-17. Although the MiG-21 lacked the long-range radar, missiles, and heavy bombing payload of its contemporary multi-mission U.S. fighters, it proved a challenging adversary in the hands of experienced pilots especially when used in high speed hit and run attacks under GCI control. MiG-21 intercepts of F-105 strike groups were effective in downing US aircraft or forcing them to jettison their bomb loads.

By the bombing halt in Operation Rolling Thunder in 1968, poor air-to-air combat loss-exchange ratios against smaller, more agile enemy MiGs during the early part of the Vietnam War eventually led the USAF to establish Dissimilar Air Combat Training programs such as Navy "Top Gun", these two programs employed subsonic A-4 Skyhawk and F-5 Tiger II aircraft to mimic the performance of more maneuverable opponents like the MiG-17 and MiG-21.

A VPAF MiG-21MF flown by Phạm Tuân over Hanoi, North Vietnam on December 26, 1972 was apparently responsible for the only claimed combat kill of a U.S. Air Force B-52 Stratofortress in history. The B-52 had been circling above Hanoi during Operation Linebacker II. Over the course of the Vietnam War, between April 26, 1965 and January 8, 1973, each side claimed favorable kill ratios.

Middle East

File:Mig-21-Algérie-Guerre-kippour-1973.jpg
Line of Algerian MiG-21F-13 fighters.

The MiG-21 was also used extensively in the Middle East conflicts of the 1960s and 1970s by the air forces of Egypt, Syria and Iraq against Israel. The MiG-21 first faced Israeli Mirage IIICs on April 7th, 1967 when six Syrian MiG-21's were shot down by the Israeli Mirages. The MiG-21 would face F-4 Phantom IIs and A-4 Skyhawks later in the 1970s, but was later outclassed by the more modern F-15 Eagle and F-16 Fighting Falcon, which were acquired by Israel beginning in the 1980s. The MiG-21 was also used in the early stages of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December, 1979.

Egypt would eventually be shipped some American Sidewinder missiles, and these were fitted to their MiG-21s and successfully used in combat against Libyan MiG-23s during the brief 1977 war.

In the Yom Kippur War, in a battle named Air Battle of Mansoura, 60 Egyptian MiG-21s fought off 160 Israeli attacking F-4 Phantom IIs and A-4 Skyhawks. Even though Egyptian Air Force MiG-21s were outnumbered nearly 3 to 1, Israel lost over 17 aircraft; all due to gunfire from Egyptian MiG-21s while Egypt lost 6 MiG-21s; 3 of which crashed on landing due to fuel starvation and 2 others to flying debris from exploding Israeli aircraft.[4]

India

File:Mig21 of No3Sqn.jpg
[A MiG-21 Bis of the No.3 Sqn at Pathankot AB. The Cobra ensignia can be seen fairly visibly.

The Indian Air Force has been one of the largest users of the MiG-21 since its initial employment of the plane in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. That war witnessed the first supersonic air combat in the subcontinent when an Indian MiG-21 shot down a PAF F-104 Starfighter.[5] The MiGs played an important role in air combat, ensuring an aerial superiority that ultimately resulted in Pakistan's defeat in just a fortnight. It was also used as late as 1999 in the Kargil War. The MiG-21's last known kill took place in 1999 during the Atlantique Incident when two MiG-21 aircraft of the Indian Air Force shot down a Breguet Atlantique reconnaissance aircraft of the Pakistani Navy, claiming the Pakistani aircraft violated Indian airspace.[6] Upgraded MiG-21 'Bison' aircraft reportedly performed well against F-15 and F-16s of the USAF during Indo-US joint air exercises, surprising American pilots with its capabilities. They will remain in service until 2017.[7]

Former Yugoslavia

File:RViPVO SFRJ MiG21bis.jpg
The MiG-21 of the Yugoslav Air Force before the Yugoslav Civil Wars.

During 1991-1995, Yugoslav People's Army and Serb forces used its MiG-21 Ms (about a hundred in total compromising 1/3 of the entire air force) during the Slovenian War, Croatian War of Independence and the Bosnian War and again during the 1999 Kosovo War and NATO bombing of Yugoslavia. Except during the NATO intervention, the aircraft had no air opposition and was mainly used in a ground-attack role. Detailed records show at least six were shot down by AA defences in Croatia and Bosnia[8] and another 24 were destroyed by NATO,[8] most while on the ground. In 1993, Croatia purchased about 40 MiG-21s in violation of arms embargo[citation needed], but only 25 of these entered service, while the rest were used for spare parts.[citation needed] Croatia used them alongside the four that defected from the JNA[8] mainly for ground attack missions and no known dogfights occurred between Croatian Air Force and Serbian Migs.

Africa

During the Cold War MiG-21s were supplied to many sub-Saharan African nations by the Soviets. Their most notable use in combat occurred during the Angolan Civil War in the hands of the People's Air and Air Defence Force of Angola. Cuban Air Force pilots also flew MiG-21s over Angola during the War. Both Angolan and Cuban MiG-21s often had encounters with South African Air Force Mirages. In 2006, at least two MiG-21s were used to bomb the Somalian airbases loyal during Ethiopia's invasion of Somalia.[citation needed]

Romania

File:MiG-21UMLancerB.jpg
Romanian Air Force MiG-21 UM LanceR-B

Beginning in 1993, Russia did not offer spare parts for the MiG-23 and MiG-29 for the Romanian Air Force. Initially, this was the context for the modernization of the Romanian MiG-21's with Elbit systems, and because it was easier for the Romanians to maintain these fighter jets. 110 MiG-21's were modernized with the name of Lancer. Today, only 48 Lancers are operational for the RoAF. It can use both Western and Eastern armament such as the R-60M,R-73, Magic 2, or Python III missiles. They will be replaced in 2012 when new fighter jets will arrive, such as the Eurofighter Typhoon or Gripen.

Variants

Template:Seealso

File:Ye-150.png
Mikoyan Ye-150, a MiG-21 derivative
File:Mig21JM.jpg
MiG-21, Deutsches Museum, Munich
Ye-2 (NATO: "Faceplate")
Swept-wing prototype.
Ye-4 (I-500)
The first delta wing prototype of the MiG-21.
Ye-5 (NATO "Fishbed")
Delta wing research prototype.
Ye-6
Three pre-production aircraft.
MiG-21
The first series of fighters.
MiG-21F (NATO: "Fishbed-B")
Single-seat day fighter aircraft. It was the first production aircraft, with 40 machines being made. The MiG-21F carried 2160 liters of fuel in six internal fuel tanks and was powered by a Tumansky R-11 turbojet engine with 5740kgf of thrust, and armed with two 30-mm NR-30 cannons 60 shells each, it was also capable of carrying two bombs ranging from 50 to 500 kg each. Prototype Ye-6T was redesignated MiG-21F.
Ye-50
Swept-wing research prototype.
Ye-66
Single-seat version, built for breaking the world speed record.
Ye-66A
Built to break the world altitude record.
Ye-66B
Rocket-boosted variant built to establish women's time-to-height records.
Ye-76
Designation used for Mig-21PFs used to establsh women's speed records.
Ye-150
Interceptor prototype, essentially an enlarged MiG-21.
Ye-152 (NATO "Flipper")
Bigger than a MiG-21, the Ye-152 'Flipper' was a high-performance aircraft, which achieved at least 3 world records.
MiG-21F-13 (NATO "Fishbed-C")
Single-seat, short-range day fighter. The MiG-21F-13 was the first mass-production model. The MiG-21F-13 was powered by a Tumansky R-11 turbojet engine, it was armed with two Vympel K-13 (AA-2 'Atoll') air-to-air missiles, and one 30-mm NR-30 cannon with a 30 shell magazine. The Type 74 is the Indian Air Force designation. The MiG-21F-13 was made in China, and designated Chengdu J-7 or F-7 for export.
MiG-21FL
Export model of the MiG-21PF. Built under license in India as the Type 77.
MiG-21I (NATO "Analog")
Testbed for the wing design of the Tu-144 (NATO: 'Charger') supersonic transport.
File:MiG 21 SPS - Altenburg-Nobitz.jpg
MiG-21 SPS
MiG-21SPS
Version built for East Germany.
MiG-21P (NATO "Fishbed-D / Fishbed-E")
Single-seat, limited all-weather interceptor fighter. Armed with two air-to-air missiles only.
MiG-21PF (NATO "Fishbed-D / Fishbed-E")
Single-seat, limited all-weather fighter, equipped with a RP21 Sapfir radar. The MiG-21PF is the second production model. Prototype Ye-7, Type 76 Indian Air Force designation.
MiG-21PF (SPS) (NATO "Fishbed-E")
MiG-21PFM (NATO "Fishbed-F")
Single-seat, limited all-weather fighter, with upgraded radar and a more powerful engine. Improved version of the MiG-21PFS.
MiG-21PFS (NATO "Fishbed-F")
Single-seat, limited all-weather fighter, with upgraded radar and a more powerful engine.
MiG-21 (NATO "Fishbed-G")
Experimental short take-off and landing version of the MiG-21PFM. Two lift engines in lengthened fuselage.
MiG-21R (NATO "Fishbed-H")
Single-seat tactical reconnaissance version of the MiG-21PFM.
MiG-21RF (NATO "Fishbed-J")
Single-seat tactical reconnaissance version of the MiG-21MF.
MiG-21S (NATO "Fishbed-J")
Single-seat interceptor fighter version, equipped with an RP-22 radar and an external gun pod. (Incorrectly identified by NATO as the MiG-21PFMA); E-8, Type 88 Indian Air Force designation.
MiG-21SM
Single-seat interceptor fighter version, powered by a Tumansky R-13-300 turbojet engine.
MiG-21PFV
File:Mig-21m jrv.JPG
MiG-21M aircraft of SFR Yugoslav Air Force.
High-altitude version (perekhvatchik forsirovannij visotnij, high-altitude boosted interceptor).
MiG-21M
File:MiG-21 RB15.JPG
MiG-21MF, Polish Air Force, markings of 3rd Tactical Sqn.
Export version powered by a Tumansky R-13 turbojet engine. Built under license in India as the Type 96.
MiG-21MF
Export version powered by a Tumansky R-13 turbojet engine.
MiG-21MF (NATO "Fishbed-J")
Single-seat multi-role fighter version, equipped with a RP-22 radar, powered by a Tumansky R-13-300 turbojet engine.
MiG-21MF-R
File:MiG-21 Arboga.jpg
MiG-21SMT of the former Soviet Air Force.
After the MiG-21R was withdrawn from service in the Bulgarian Air force in 1995, a group of engineers fitted the MiG-21MFs with the recon containers from the MiG-21Rs.
MiG-21SMT (NATO "Fishbed-K")
File:Mig-21bis jrv.JPG
MiG-21 bis fighter aircraft of YuAF.
Single-seat multi-role fighter version, powered by a Tumansky R-13 turbojet engine. Increased fuel and ECM capability. (E-9, block 94 and 96)
MiG-21bis (NATO "Fishbed-L")
Single-seat multi-role fighter and ground-attack aircraft. The final production model built up until 1977 in Russia and 1987 in India. This version is powered by a Tumansky R-25-300 turbojet engine, and carries 2880 liters of fuel. The engines are capable of "extreme afterburner" for up to 3 min - increasing the thrust from 7100 kgf to 9900 kgf. It can accelerate from 600 km/h to 1100 km/h in 18 seconds (the MiG-29 does it in 11,6 sec). The climb rate is 225 m/s. In comparison the F-14 has a climb rate of 152 m/s, the MiG-17F 65 m/s, the F-16A 215 m/s.
MiG-21 bis (NATO "Fishbed-N")
Single-seat multi-role fighter and ground-attack aircraft.
MiG-21U (NATO "Mongol-A")
Two-seat training version of the MiG-21F-13. Type 66 Indian Air Force designation.
MiG-21US (NATO "Mongol-B")
Two-seat training version. Type 68 Indian Air Force designation.
MiG-21UT
File:MiG-21 UM FRY.jpg
MiG-21UM trainer aircraft of FRY Air Force.
Two-seat trainer.
MiG-21UM (NATO "Mongol-B")
Two-seat training version of the MiG-21MF. Type 69 Indian Air Force designation.
JJ-7
Two-seat training version of the J-7.
FT-7
Export designation of the JJ-7.
MiG-21-93 Bison
Upgraded version for the Indian Air Force.
MiG-21 Lancer
File:MiG21 HR.jpg
Croatian Air Force MiG-21 bis-D
Upgraded version for the Romanian Air Force done by Elbit of Israel and Aerostar of Romania. The Lancer-A version is optimized for ground attack being able to deliver precision guided munitions of eastern and western origin as well as R-60, R-73 and Python III air to air missiles. The Lancer-B version is the trainer version and the Lancer-C version is the air superiority version featuring 2 LCD MFDs, helmet mounted sight and the Elta EL/M-2032 Air combat radar.[6]
MiG-21MFN
Upgraded version for the Czech Air force (navigation and communication systems for compatibility with NATO).
MiG-21bisD/UMD
File:MiG-21-2000 NTW 7 8 93.jpg
MiG-21 2000
Upgraded in 2003 for the Croatian Air force with some elements of the Lancer standard. Modernized for a 10-year period but due to be withdrawn from service in 2011. Reported to have the ability to fire Swedish RBS-15F anti-ship missiles.
MiG-21-2000
Single-seat 21st century version for export buyers. Made by the IAF.

Foreign variants

China (PRC)

Chinese copies of the MiG-21 are designated Chengdu J-7 and F-7 (for export).

Czechoslovakia

Between 1962 and 1972 the MiG-21F-13 version was manufactured under license by Aero Vodochody, in Czechoslovakia. Aero Vodochody (then Středočeské strojírny, n.p.), built a total of 194 planes during this period, under the cover designation article Z-159. It followed the MiG-15 and MiG-19S built in Vodochody factory from the fifties to sixties. The sole locally-built version of the MiG-21F-13 differed externally from the Soviet-built examples by the solid dural sheet fairing behind the cockpit canopy, as opposed to the transparent one on the original Soviet MiGs. These machines were built for the Czechoslovak Air Force and also for export. The R-13-300 engines were imported from the Soviet Union.[citation needed]

File:Sheeju mig21.JPG
IAF MiG-21 Bison
India

The production of the MiG-21bis assembled from CKD parts and also reportedly built from scratch in India under license by Hindustan Aeronautics in Nasik lasted until 1984. Despite a series of crashes during the 1990s, which led to the aircraft acquiring the nickname "flying coffin," the Indian Air Force has decided to upgrade about 128 of the MiG-21bis in its inventory to the MiG-21 "Bison" standard. These will serve the Indian Air Force until 2015.

Israel 

Israeli Aircraft Industries manufactures an upgrade package for the MiG-21 called the MiG-21-2000.[9]

Israel/Romania 

A joint venture between Aerostar SA and Elbit has developed the "LanceR" upgrade package for the MiG-21, and 114 MiG-21s have been upgraded to the MiG-21 LanceR configuration for the Romanian Air Force.

Russia 

Russia now offers an upgrade package to bring late-model MiG-21s up to the MiG-21-93 standard. This package provides an upgrade of the avionics suite that includes installation of the Kopyo pulse-doppler radar used by the MiG-29, which enables the aircraft to fire a greater range of modern weapons such as the beyond-visual-range Vympel R-77 air-to-air missile. The upgraded avionics also enhance the aircraft's survivability as well as its ability to engage enemy fighters. Other upgrade features include installation of a dual-screen HUD, helmet-mounted target designator, and advanced flight control systems.

Operators

File:Fishbed operators.png
Current operators of the MiG-21 in bright red and former operators in dark red
File:MiG-21.UM.9292.Radom.AirShow.2002.jpg
Two seater MiG-21UM, Polish Air Force, markings of 3rd Tactical Sqn.
File:Mig21 4456.jpg
Romanian Air Force MiG-21 LanceR
File:Mig21 1.jpg
Serbian Air Force MiG-21 bis N.17163 from 101. Fighter Squadron from 204th Air Base.
File:MiG-21 Bulgarian Air Force.jpg
A Bulgarian MiG-21 taxis at Graf Ignatievo Air Base, Bulgaria during a bi-laterial exercise between the U.S. and Bulgarian air forces.
File:MiG 21-Bis Croatian air force.JPG
Croatian Air Force MiG-21 UMD

Template:Seealso

Current operators

Former operators

Civil operators

Some aircraft are now owned and flown by private collectors as warbirds.

Preserved Examples

MiG-21SPS 959.Midland Air Museum,Coventry, England.

Specifications (Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21bis)

Orthographic projection of the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21.

General characteristics

  • Crew: One
  • Length: 15.76 m including probe (51 ft 8 in)
  • Wingspan: 7.15 m (23 ft 5 in)
  • Height: 4.12 m (13 ft 6 in)
  • Wing area: 23 m² (247.5 ft²)
  • Empty weight: 5,350 kg (11,800 lb)
  • Loaded weight: 8,726 kg (19,200 lb)
  • Max takeoff weight: 9,660 kg (21,300 lb)
  • Powerplant: 1× Tumansky R-25-300 afterburning turbojet, 70 kN (97 kN with extreme afterburner) (15,700 lbf)

Performance

Armament

  • One centerline twin-barrelled GSh-23 23 mm cannon (PFM, MF, SMT, and bis variants) or one single-barrelled NR-30 cannon (F-13 variant).
  • Up to 2,000 kg (4,400 lb) of air-to-air and air-to-ground weapons on two or four underwing hardpoints, depending on the variant. Early machines carried two Vympel K-13 (AA-2 'Atoll') air-to-air missiles under the wing pylons. Late models carried two K-13 and two fuel tanks under the wing pylons or combinations of four K-13 infrared- and radar-guided missiles. The Molniya R-60 (NATO reporting name AA-8 'Aphid') was also used on multiple pylons and six of them could be carried. Most aircraft carried a single 450 L (119 US gal) fuel tank on the centerline pylon.


Notes

  1. ↑ MIG-21 Fishbed from Russian Military Analysis
  2. ↑ MiG-21 FISHBED from Global Security.org
  3. ↑ Now called Nizhny Novgorod.
  4. ↑ AirEnthusiast, Volume 100 (July/August 2002)
  5. ↑ The 1971 Liberation War: Supersonic Air Combat (Bharat-Rakshak.com)
  6. ↑ Atlantique Incident has complete details with sources.
  7. ↑ [1]
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Avijacija bez granica web site dedicated to JNA and successor air forces, containing detailed info on each documented air loss Template:Sr icon
  9. ↑ Airforce Technology.com article
  10. ↑ Romania replaces the MiG-21, Antena 3, 16th May 2007 Template:Ro icon
  11. ↑ http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/waf/yugo/serbaf_current_inventory.htm
  12. ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbian_Air_Force#Current_status
  13. ↑ "Historical Listings", World Air Forces.

References

  • Gordon, Yefim. Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15: The Soviet Union's Long-Lived Korean War Fighter. Hinckley: Midland, 2001. ISBN 1-85780-105-9.
  • Gordon, Yefim. Mikoyan MiG-21 (Famous Russian aircraft). Hinckley: Midland, 2007. ISBN 1857802578.
  • Toperczer, István. MiG-21 Units of the Vietnam War (Osprey combat aircraft, 29). Oxford: Osprey Pub, 2001. ISBN 1841762636.

External links

See also

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Related development

Comparable aircraft

Designation sequence
MiG-13 (I-250) - MiG-15 - MiG-17 - MiG-19 - MiG-21 - MiG-23 - MiG-25 Related lists

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RecordsFlight airspeed record · Flight distance record · Flight altitude record · Flight endurance record · Most produced aircraft

ar:ميج 21 az:MiQ-21 bg:МиГ-21 cs:MiG-21 de:Mikojan-Gurewitsch MiG-21 es:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 fr:Mikoyan-Gourevitch MiG-21 gl:MiG-21 ko:미코얀구레비치 MiG-21 hr:MiG-21 id:MiG-21 it:MiG-21 he:מיג-21 lt:MiG-21 hu:MiG–21 ml:മിഗ് 21 mr:मिग-२१ nl:Mikojan-Goerevitsj MiG-21 ja:MiG-21 (航空機) no:Mikojan-Gurevitsj MiG-21 nn:MiG-21 pl:MiG-21 pt:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 ro:Mikoian-Gurevici MiG-21 ru:МиГ-21 simple:MiG-21 Fishbed sk:Mikojan-Gurjevič MiG-21 sl:Mikojan-Gurevič MiG-21 sr:МиГ-21 fi:MiG-21 sv:MiG-21 th:มิโคยัน-กูเรวิชค์ มิก-21 vi:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 tr:MiG-21 zh:米格-21戰鬥機

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21".


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