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Short S.8 Calcutta
| S.8 Calcutta | |
|---|---|
| View shows the pilot in the open cockpit | |
| Type | Biplane airliner flying boat |
| Manufacturer | Short Brothers |
| Maiden flight | 14 February 1928 |
| Introduced | 1928 |
| Primary user | Imperial Airways |
| Number built | 7 |
| Developed from | Short Singapore |
| Variants | Short Rangoon Breguet 521 |
The Short Calcutta or S.8 was a civilian biplane airliner flying boat made by Short Brothers.
Contents
Design and development
The Calcutta biplane flying boat originated from an Imperial Airways requirement to service the Mediterranean legs of its services to and from India. Derived from the Short Singapore military flying boat, the Calcutta was noteworthy for being the first stressed skin, metal-hulled flying boat. It was equipped with three Bristol Jupiter engines mounted between the wings. The two pilots flew the plane from an open cockpit while the radio operator shared the main cabin with the 15 passengers.
Operational history
The S.8 Calcutta made its first flight on 14 February 1928, having been launched the previous day and left at its mooring overnight to assess the hull for signs of leakage. Shorts' Chief Test Pilot, John Lankester Parker was at the controls, with Major Herbert G. Brackley of Imperial Airways as co-pilot. On 15 March 1928 this aircraft (registered as G-EBVG) was delivered by Parker and Brackley to the Marine Aircraft Experimental Establishment, Felixstowe, for its airworthiness and sea handling checks; these were successfully completed on 27 July of the same year and the aircraft was flown back to Shorts on the same day.[1] G-EBVG was handed over to Imperial Airways on 9 August 1928.[2]
The S.8 Calcutta was introduced in 1928 and was used by Imperial Airways flying the Mediterranean to Karachi leg of the Britain to India route.
A total of seven aircraft were built. A military version of the Calcutta, originally known as the Calcutta (Service type), was built as the Short Rangoon. In 1924, a Calcutta was purchased by the French Breguet Company from which they developed a military version for the French Navy known as the Breguet S.8/2, it was similar to the Rangoon version. Four aircraft were built under licence by Breguet at Le Havre. Breguet later developed an improved version the Breguet 521 Bizerte.
On 1 August 1928 Parker, accompanied by Oswald Short, flew G-EBVG to Westminster, setting it down on the Thames between Vauxhall and Lambeth Bridges; it was moored off the Albert Embankment for three days for inspection by Members of Parliament (including the then Chancellor of the Exchequer, Winston Spencer Churchill, members of the House of Lords and others.[3][4]
Operators
Specifications
Data from http://www.britishaircraft.co.uk/aircraftpage.php?ID=389
General characteristics
- Crew: 3
- Capacity: 15
- Length: 66 ft (20.1 m)
- Wingspan: 93 ft (28.4 m)
- Height: 56 ft (17 m)
- Wing area: 1,825 ft² (170 m²)
- Empty weight: 13,845 lb (6,280 kg)
- Max takeoff weight: 22,487 lb (10,200 kg)
- Powerplant: 3× Bristol Jupiter IXF radial engine, 550 hp (410 kW) each
Performance
- Maximum speed: 118 mph (190 km/h)
- Cruise speed: 97 mph (156 km/h)
- Range: 650 miles (1,046 km)
- Service ceiling: 13,500 ft (4,115 m)
References
- ↑ Barnes and James, p.227.
- ↑ Barnes and James, p.228.
- ↑ History of the British Airways Museum, British Airways Archive and Museum Collection, Access date: 1 February 2007
- ↑ Barnes and James, p.227.
- The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985). London: Orbis Publishing.
- Barnes C.H. & James D.N. Shorts Aircraft since 1900. London (1989): Putnam, 560. ISBN 0-85177-819-4.
External links
See also
Related development
Short Rangoon
Breguet 521 Bizerte
Designation sequence
S.3b Chamois - S.6 Sturgeon - S.8 Calcutta - Crusader - S.10 Gurnard
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Template:Short Brothers aircraft
Lists relating to aviation | |
|---|---|
| General | Timeline of aviation · Aircraft · Aircraft manufacturers · Aircraft engines · Aircraft engine manufacturers · Airports · Airlines |
| Military | Air forces · Aircraft weapons · Missiles · Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) · Experimental aircraft |
| Notable incidents and accidents | Military aviation · Airliners · General aviation · Famous aviation-related deaths |
| Records | Flight airspeed record · Flight distance record · Flight altitude record · Flight endurance record · Most produced aircraft |
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