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Shorts 360

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Short 360 (SD3-60)
Shorts360airsey.jpg
An Air Seychelles Short 360
Type transport aircraft
Manufacturer Bombardier Aerospace
Designed by Short Brothers
Maiden flight 1 June 1981
Introduced 1981
Primary users Air Cargo Carriers (19)
Emerald Airways (10)
Aeroperlas (8)
Skyway Enterprises (8)
Developed from Short 330
Variants C-23B/C Sherpa

The Short 360 (also SD3-60) is a commuter aircraft built by Short Brothers of Belfast, Northern Ireland, which is now a division of Bombardier of Canada.

Development

The Short 360 is a 36-seat derivative of the 30 seat Short 330. In high density configuration 39 could be seated. The two Short airliners share a high degree of commonality and are very close in overall dimensions and size. The later 360 is easily identified by a larger, swept tail unit mounted on a revised rear fuselage. The 360 has a 91 cm (3 ft) fuselage "plug" allowing two more seat rows and six extra passengers to be carried, while the extra length smoothed out the aerodynamic profile and reduced drag. Power is supplied by two Pratt & Whitney PT6A-65Rs, and the 360's wingspan is slightly greater. The development was announced in 1980, prototype first flight on 1 June 1981 with type certification awarded on 3 September 1981.

Once in production, Short marketed a number of 360 developments, the first of which was the 360 Advanced with 1,062 kW (1,424 shp) PT6A-65-ARs. The 360 Advanced was introduced in late 1985, soon followed by the further improved 360/300, which entered service in March 1987. The 360/300 introduced advanced six-blade propellers, more powerful PT6A-67R engines which combined with other aerodynamic improvements, giving a higher cruise speed and improved "hot and high" performance. The 360/300 was also built in 360/300F freighter configuration.

Operational history

The Short 360 entered service with Suburban Airlines (later merged with Allegheny Airlines/US Airways) in November 1981. Building on the strengths and reputation of its earlier 330 antecedent, the 360s found a niche in regional airline use worldwide, being able to operate comfortably from 1,400 meter (4,500 ft) long runways – opening up hundreds of airfields inaccessible by scheduled flights. With a cruise speed about 370 km/h (215 mph), at an altitude of 10,000 ft, the 360 was not the fastest turboprop in its market but it offered more than acceptable performance for a reasonably affordable pricetag combined with ease of service and maintainability.[1] The PT6A turboprops are fully ICAO Stage 3 noise-compliant, making the 360 (and its 330 cousin) one of the quietest turboprop aircraft operating today. Production on the 360 ceased in 1991 after 165 deliveries.[2] As of 1998, approximately 110 360s were in service.[2]

Accidents

A total of 11 hull loss accidents have been recorded for the Short 360.[3] (with one more probable in the wake of the recent Air Cargo Carriers incident).[4]

Variants

  • 360-100 was the first production model with Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-65R turboprop engines.[5]
  • 360 Advanced featured an upgraded PT6A-65AR engines providing 1,424 shaft horsepower (1,062 kilowatts) each.[5] The aircraft was later redesignated 360-200. Variant was introduced in late 1985.[5]
  • 360-300 added even more powerful PT6A-67R engines with six blade propellers providing a higher cruise speed and improved performance.[5]
  • 360-300F was a freighter version of -300.[5] with capacity for five LD3 cargo containers.
  • C-23 Sherpa B+ and C variants are military configured Short 360s operated by the United States military.[6]

Operators

In August 2006, a total of 86 Short 360 aircraft (all variants) were in airline service, with Air Seychelles (2), Deraya Air Taxi (2), Freedom Air (1), South Pacific Express (2), Air Contractors (3), Aerocondor (4), Aurigny Air Services (1), Benair (1), Emerald Airways (10), Nightexpress (2), Aeroperlas (8), Air Cargo Carriers (19), Air Santo Domingo (1), AirNow (3), Islena Airlines (3), Pacific Coastal Airlines (2), Roblex Aviation (7), Servicios Aereos Profesionales (1), Skyway Enterprises (8), Trans Air (1) and Trans Executive Airlines (4).[7]

Specifications (360-100)

General characteristics

  • Crew: Three (Two pilots plus one cabin crew)
  • Capacity: 36 passengers
  • Length: 70 ft 10 in (17.69 m)
  • Wingspan: 22.78 m (74 ft 10 in)
  • Height: 4.95 m (16 ft 3 in)
  • Wing area: 42.1 m² (544 ft²)
  • Airfoil: NACA 63 series (modified)
  • Empty weight: 16,900 lb (6,440 kg)
  • Max takeoff weight: 26,000 lb (10,387 kg)

Performance


Data as issued by Short, April 1985 with the exception of Undercarriage figures which are from published sources.

  • External Dimensions
    • Span : 74 ft 10 in
    • Length : 70 ft 10 in
    • Height : 23 ft 8 in
    • Wing Area : 454 sq ft
    • Aspect Ratio : 12.33
    • Forward Cargo Door Aperture : 5 ft 6 in by 4 ft 7 in
    • Forward Cargo Door Sill Height : 3 ft 1 in
    • Airframe Design Life : 40,000 flights
  • Undercarriage
    • Track : 13 ft 11 in
    • Wheelbase : 23 ft 2 in
    • Turning Radius : 53 ft 10 in
  • Cabin Dimensions
    • Length : 36ft 2 in
    • Height : 6 ft 4 in
    • Maximum Width : 6 ft 4 in
    • Floor Width : 6 ft 2 in
  • Volumes
    • Passenger Compartment : 1,450 cu ft
    • Baggage Compartments
      • Forward : 45 cu ft
      • Aft  : 170 cu ft
      • Lockers : 52 cu ft
    • Fuel Capacity : 574 gal
  • Weights
    • Maximum Take-off : 26,000 lb
    • Maximum Landing : 25,700 lb
    • Operational Empty : 16,900 lb
    • Maximum Useful Load ( pax and fuel ) : 9,100 lb
    • Maximum Cabin Load ( freight mode ) : 8,100 lb
    • Passenger Payload ( 36 pax at 190 lb ) : 6,840 lb
    • Forward & Aft Baggage Compartments Combined Load : 1,400 lb
  • Propulsion
    • Propellor Diameter : 9 ft 3 in
    • Maximum Fuel Load : 3,840 lb

Performance

  • Take-off field length at MTOW ( model 360-100 )
    • ISA, Sea Level : 4,000 ft
    • ISA + 15C, Sea Level : 4,760 ft
  • Landing field length at MLW ( model 360-100 )
    • ISA, Sea Level : 3,970 ft
  • Cruise Performance ( model 360-300 )
    • High-speed Cruise Speed : 210 kn
    • High-speed Cruise Fuel Burn : 1,047 lb / hour
    • Long-range Cruise Speed : 180 kn
    • Long-range Cruise Fuel Burn : 809 lb / hour
    • Cruising Altitude : 10,000 ft
  • Range ( model 360-100, Long-range Cruise )
    • Maximum passenger load, standard reserves : 313 NM
    • Maximum fuel, standard reserves : 747 NM

Avionics

  • Standard avionics:
    • Collins Proline IFR suite;
    • Sunstrand Mk. 2 ground prox warning system;
    • Honeywell YG-7500 radalt;
    • Collins WXR-220 weather radar.
  • Optional avionics:
    • Collins Digital Proline 2 suite with EFIS-74 CRT displays;
    • Collins HF-230 HF radio;
    • Secondary ADF ( Collins ADF-60A );
    • Collins APS-65 Cat II autopilot.

References

Notes
  1. ↑ Smith 1986, p. 2
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Airliners.net: Short 360 page Access date: 9 August 2007.
  3. ↑ hull losses
  4. ↑ Aviation Safety
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Frawley 2003, p. 193.
  6. ↑ Olive-Drab C-23 page
  7. ↑ Flight International, 3-9 October 2006
  8. ↑ HR-IAP
  9. ↑ EI-BSP
  10. ↑ HS-TSE
  11. ↑ G-BNMT
  12. ↑ G-OBHD
  13. ↑ G-BNYI
  14. ↑ FedEx - About FedEx - FedEx Facts
Bibliography
  • Barnes C.H. and James Derek N. Shorts Aircraft since 1900. London: Putnam, 1989. ISBN 0-85177-819-4.
  • Donald, David, ed. The Encyclopedia of Civil Aircraft. London: Aurum, 1999. ISBN 1-85410-642-2.
  • Frawley, Gerard. The International Directory of Civil Aircraft, 2003/2004. London: Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd., 2003. ISBN 1-875671-58-7.
  • Smith, P.R. Shorts 330 and 360 (Air Portfolios 2) London: Jane's Publishing Company Limited, 1986. ISBN 0-7106-0425-4.


External links

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See also
Template:Short Brothers aircraft

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