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Junkers Ju 86
| Ju 86 | |
|---|---|
| Swedish Ju 86 | |
| Type | bomber, airliner, reconnaissance aircraft |
| Manufacturer | Junkers |
| Maiden flight | 1934 |
| Introduced | 1936 |
| Status | retired |
| Primary user | German Luftwaffe |
The Junkers Ju 86 was a German monoplane bomber and civilian airliner designed in the early 1930s by Junkers. The civil Ju 86B could carry ten passengers; two were delivered to Swissair and five to Lufthansa. It was used by both sides in World War II. Furthermore a single civilian Ju 86Z was delivered to the Swedish AB Aerotransport.[1]
Contents
Design and development
The Ju 86 was sold to airlines and air forces from several nations, including Bolivia, Chile, Hungary, Manchukuo, Portugal, the South African Air Force (SAAF), Spain, and Sweden. The Ju 86K was an export model, also built under license in Sweden by Saab as the B 3 with 905 hp Bristol Mercury XIX engines. Several aircraft remained in service with the Swedish Air Force until 1958.[2]
Operational history
The bomber was field tested in the Spanish Civil War, where it proved inferior to the Heinkel He 111. Four Ju 86D-1 arrived in Spain in early February 1937, but after a few sorties one of them (coded 26-1) was shot down on 23 February by Republican fighters with the loss of 3 crewmen killed and 1 captured. A replacement plane was sent from Germany, but in the summer of 1937 another D-1 was lost in an accident, and the three remaining planes were sold to the Nationalist air forces. It was again used in the 1939 invasion of Poland, but retired soon after. In January 1940 the Luftwaffe tested the prototype Ju 86P with a longer wing span, pressurized cabin, Jumo 207A1 turbocharged diesel engines, and a two-man crew. The Ju 86P could fly at heights of 12,000 m (39,000 ft) and higher on occasion, where it was felt to be safe from Allied fighters. The Westland Welkin and Yakovlev Yak-9PD were developed specifically to counter this threat.
No. 12 Squadron SAAF used Ju 86 bombers in the East African Campaign.
Satisfied with the newer version, the Luftwaffe ordered that some 40 older-model bombers be converted to Ju 86P-1 high altitude bombers and Ju 86P-2 photo reconnaissance aircraft. Those operated successfully for some years over Britain, the Soviet Union and North Africa. In August 1942, a modified Spitfire V shot one down over Egypt at some 49,000 ft (14,500 meters); when two more were lost, Ju 86Ps were withdrawn from service in 1943.
Junkers developed the Ju 86R for the Luftwaffe, using larger wings and new engines capable of even higher altitudes — up to 16,000 m (52,500 ft) — but production was limited to prototypes.
Survivors
Only one Junkers Ju 86 is known to exist. One of the 16 SAAB-built aircraft is on a permanent static display with the Flygvapenmuseum in Sweden today.
Variants
- Ju 86abl
- First bomber prototype.
- Ju 86bal
- Second transport prototype.
- Ju 86cb
- Third bomber prototype.
- Ju 86 V4
- Prototype for the Ju 86B commercial transport aircraft.
- Ju 86 V5
- Prototype for the Ju 86A bomber aircraft.
- Ju 86A-0
- 13 pre-production bomber aircraft.
- Ju 86A-1
- Initial bomber version.
- Ju 86B-0
- Seven pre-production transport aircraft.
- Ju 86C-1
- Six transport aircraft for Lufthansa, powered by two jumo 205C radial piston engines.
- Ju 86D-1
- Bomber version.
- Ju 86E-1
- Bomber version for the Luftwaffe, powered by two B.M.W. 132F radial piston engines.
- Ju 86E-2
- Powered by two B.M.W. 132N radial piston engines.
- Ju 86G-1
- Fitted with a round glass nose.
- Ju 86E-2
- Uprated version of the Ju 86E-1.
- Ju 86K-1
- Export version for South Africa and Sweden.
- Ju 86K-2
- Export version for Hungary.
- Ju 86K-4
- Export version for Sweden, similar to the Ju 86K-1, but fitted with two Bristol Pegasus III radial piston engines.
- Ju 86K-5
- Swedish-built bomber aircraft, powered by two Swedish-built Bristol Pegasus XII radial piston engines.
- Ju 86K-6
- Export version for Chile and Portugal.
- Ju 86K-13
- Swedish-built bomber aircraft, fitted with Swedish or Polish-built Pegasus engines.
- Ju 86P-1
- High-altitude bomber version.
- Ju 86P-2
- Photo reconnaissance version.
- Ju 86R-1
- Reconnaissance version.
- Ju 86R-2
- Bomber version.
- Ju 86R-3
- Powered by two Jumo 208 engines.
- Ju 186
- Proposed four-engined high-altitude bomber aircraft. Not built.
- Ju 286
- Proposed six-engined high-altitude bomber aircraft. Not built.
Operators
Military operators
- Template:AUT
- Template:BOL: Bolivian Air Force
- Template:CHI: Chilean Air Force
- Template:Country data Germany: Luftwaffe
- Template:Country data Hungary
- Template:POR
- Template:Country data South Africa: South African Air Force
- Template:SWE: Swedish Air Force[2][3]
Civil operators
- Template:AUS: Southern Airlines and Freighters of Australia
- Template:BOL: Lloyd Aero Boliviano
- Template:CHI: LAN Chile
- Template:Country data Germany: Lufthansa
- Template:Country data Manchukuo: Manchurian Air Services
- Template:Country data South Africa: South African Airways
- Template:Country data Spain Spanish State
- Template:SWE: AB Aerotransport
- Template:SUI: Swissair
Specifications (Ju 86R)
Data from Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II[4] and Warbirds Resource Group[5]
General characteristics
- Crew: 2 (pilot and radio operator)
- Length: 16.46 m (54 ft)
- Wingspan: 32 m (105 ft)
- Height: 4.7 m (15 ft 5 in)
- Wing area: 82 m² (883 ft²)
- Empty weight: 6,700 kg (14,800 lb)
- Max takeoff weight: 11,530 kg (25,420 lb)
- Powerplant: 2× Junkers Jumo 207B-3/V diesel engines, 746 kW (1,000 hp) each
Performance
- Maximum speed: 420 km/h (260 mph) above 9,150 m (30,000 ft)
- Range: 1,580 km (980 mi)
- Service ceiling: 13,000 m (42,650 ft)
- Rate of climb: 4.67 m/s (900 ft/min)
- Wing loading: kg/m² (lb/ft²)
- Power/mass: W/kg (hp/lb
The bomber had defensive armament of three MG15 machine guns, and could carry a 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) bomb load. The early model Ju 86-D1 (1936) had two 600 hp Jumo 205C-4 diesel engines, but the Ju 86E replaced those with the 800 hp BMW 132F.)
References
- ↑ Avrosys.nu: Tp 9 - Junkers Ju 86Z-7 (1940-1958)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Avrosys.nu: B 3 - Junkers Ju 86K (1936-1958)
- ↑ Avrosys.nu: T 3 - Junkers Ju 86K
- ↑ Jane, Fred T. “The Junkers Ju 86P and Ju 86R.” Jane’s Fighting Aircraft of World War II. London: Studio, 1946. p. 171. ISBN 1 85170 493 0.
- ↑ Junkers Ju 86. Warbirds Resource Group. Retrieved on 2005-08-11.
- Aeroplane Monthly June 2005, pg 68
External links
See also
Related development
Comparable aircraft
Designation sequence
Related lists
See also
Lists relating to aviation | |
|---|---|
| General | Timeline of aviation · Aircraft · Aircraft manufacturers · Aircraft engines · Aircraft engine manufacturers · Airports · Airlines |
| Military | Air forces · Aircraft weapons · Missiles · Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) · Experimental aircraft |
| Notable incidents and accidents | Military aviation · Airliners · General aviation · Famous aviation-related deaths |
| Records | Flight airspeed record · Flight distance record · Flight altitude record · Flight endurance record · Most produced aircraft |
Template:RLM aircraft designations Template:Japanese Navy Transport Aircraft Template:Swedish bomber aircraft Template:Swedish transport aircraft
Lists relating to aviation | |
|---|---|
| General | Timeline of aviation · Aircraft · Aircraft manufacturers · Aircraft engines · Aircraft engine manufacturers · Airports · Airlines |
| Military | Air forces · Aircraft weapons · Missiles · Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) · Experimental aircraft |
| Notable incidents and accidents | Military aviation · Airliners · General aviation · Famous aviation-related deaths |
| Records | Flight airspeed record · Flight distance record · Flight altitude record · Flight endurance record · Most produced aircraft |
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| This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Junkers Ju 86". |
