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British Aircraft Swallow
The B.A Swallow was a British light aircraft of the 1930s. It was a license-built version by the British Klemm Aeroplane Company (which later became known as the British Aircraft Manufacturing Co.) of the German Klemm L.25. a total of 135 were built.
Contents
Design and development
The German aircraft manufacturer Klemm developed a successful low powered light aeroplane, the Klemm L.25, which first flew in 1927 [1], of which over 600 were produced. Several were sold to British owners, where they proved popular, so the British dealer for the K.25, Major E.F Stephen, set up the "British Klemm Aeroplane Company" at Hanworth, Middlesex to produce a version of the L.25 under license.
The prototype of the licenced version, known as the B.K. Swallow, first flew at Hanworth in November 1933 [2]. It was an all-wooden cantilever monoplane, with tandem cockpits accommodating two persons, and was powered by a 75 hp (56 kW) Salmson 9 or 85 hp (63 kW) Pobjoy Cataract radial engine. It differed from the German original by its more powerful engines and local strengthening to meet British airworthiness requirements[2].
In 1935 a revised version of the Swallow was introduced, with the curved wing tips, rudder and tailplane inherited from the Klemm original being made straight and with revised fuselage top decking. At this time the company changed its name to the British Aircraft Manufacturing Co., so the revised version was known as the B.A Swallow II. Swallow IIs were produced powered either by the Cataract or the Cirrus Minor inline engine, production continuing until 1938, with a total of 107 Swallow IIs produced, following on from the 28 Swallows I[2].
Operational history
The Swallow, which proved robust and safe, was popular in service. The majority were sold to private owners or flying schools within the United Kingdom. On the outbreak of the Second World War, many were taken by the Military, most being issued to the Air Training Corps for use as instructional airframes [2].
A number of Swallows were taken on charge during late 1940 by the Royal Air Forces Glider Training Squadron within the Central Landing Establishment based at RAF Ringway near Manchester. Their propellors were removed and gliding hooks attached to each wing leading edge. The Swallows were towed singly, in pairs and in threes by retired Armstrong Whitworth Whitley bombers before being released to glide to their simulated "target" on the airfield. This unusual procedure was adopted to assist the evaluation of the future use of heavy gliders in assaults on enemy positions.[3]
One Swallow was impressed into RNZAF service in September 1939 and was used as a communications aircraft from September 1939 to April 1940.
Some 17 Swallows survived to fly again under private ownership after the war, with a few remaining airworthy in 2008.
Variants
- B.K. Swallow
- Initial production version, powered by 75 hp Salmson A.D.9 or 85 hp Pobjoy Cataract II engines, 28 built (six with Salmson engine).
- B.A. Swallow II
- Revised production version, with modified structure to ease production, powered by 90 hp Cataract II engine or 90 hp Cirrus Minor, 107 built (60 with Cataract, 47 with Cirrus).
Operators
Specifications (B.K. Swallow)
Data from British Civil Aircraft since 1919 [2]
General characteristics
- Crew: Two
- Length: 26 ft 3 in (8.00 m)
- Wingspan: 42 ft 8½ in (13.02 m)
- Height: 7 ft 0 in (2.13 m)
- Wing area: 219½ ft² (20.4 m²)
- Empty weight: 960 lb (436 kg)
- Max takeoff weight: 1,500 lb (682 kg)
- Powerplant: 1× Pobjoy Cataract II Radial engine, 85 hp (63 kW)
Performance
- Maximum speed: 90 knots (104mph, 167 km/h)
- Cruise speed: 78 knots (90mph, 145 km/h)
- Range: 365 nm (420 mi, 676 km)
- Service ceiling: 17,000 ft (5,200 m)
- Rate of climb: 800 ft/min (4.1 m/s)
See also
Related development
Designation sequence
Swallow - British Aircraft Eagle
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References
- Jackson, A.J. British Civil Aircraft since 1919 Volume 1. London: Putnam, 1974. ISBN 0-370-10006-9.
- Scholefield, R.A. Manchester Airport. Stroud: Sutton Publishing Ltd, 1998. ISBN 0-7509-1954-X.
- Smith, J.R. and Kay, Antony L. German Aircraft of the Second World War. London: Putnam, 1972. ISBN 0-85177-836-4.
External links
Template:British Aircraft Manufacturing aircraft
Lists relating to aviation | |
|---|---|
| General | Timeline of aviation · Aircraft · Aircraft manufacturers · Aircraft engines · Aircraft engine manufacturers · Airports · Airlines |
| Military | Air forces · Aircraft weapons · Missiles · Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) · Experimental aircraft |
| Notable incidents and accidents | Military aviation · Airliners · General aviation · Famous aviation-related deaths |
| Records | Flight airspeed record · Flight distance record · Flight altitude record · Flight endurance record · Most produced aircraft |
| This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "British Aircraft Swallow". |
